Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional structural deformity of the spine in which lateral flexion and axial rotation are seen in vertebrae with a Cobb (method for measuring spinal curvature) angle of 10° and above. AIS is the most common type of scoliosis and it occurs in the period from the onset of puberty (up to 10 years) until the closure of growth plates. Children with AIS have cosmetic effects, decrease in functional capacity, muscle weakness in certain parts of the body, decrease in quality of life and posture disorders. Lack of core stability might be causing these problems. Core stability training may have a positive effect for these problems experienced by children with AIS. Pathologies that cause the disease may originate from the nervous system and musculoskeletal system. In this study, the investigators will evaluate these systems objectively with EMG biofeedback and Isokinetic Testing. The aim of this study is to show the effect of core stability training on various problems (as we mentioned before) caused by the disease. In addition, the investigators of this study hope to contribute to the literature(with objective evaluations) about the pathological background and treatment of this challenging disease which the cause is unknown.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
32
Patients in this group will receive posture exercises, strengthening exercises, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and stretching exercises.
Patients in this group will receive traditional scoliosis exercises. In addition, the training group will receive core stabilization exercises for multifidus, diaphragm,erector spines, rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, and pelvic floor muscles.
Istanbul University
Istanbul, Fatih, Turkey (Türkiye)
Muscle Strength of Trunk Flexion / Extension
Measurement of isokinetic and isometric muscle strength with Biodex System 3Pro Multijoint System Isokinetic Dynamometer.
Time frame: 8 week
Cobb Angle
Cobb Angle measurement with AP Radiography
Time frame: 8 week
Muscle Strength
Evaluation of the muscle strength with using a non-invasive Myomed 932 EMG-biofeedback device (Enraf-Nonius, The Netherlands)
Time frame: 8 week
Muscle Electromyographic Activity
Measurement of the surface electromyographic activity with using a non-invasive Myomed 932 EMG-biofeedback device (Enraf-Nonius, The Netherlands)
Time frame: 8 week
Trunk Rotation
Evaluation of the thoracic, thoracic-lumber junction, lumber axial trunk rotation with Bunnell Scoliometer
Time frame: 8 week
Patients Quality of Life
Quality of life will be measured with using the Scoliosis Research Society 22 item questionnaire (SRS-22r). SRS-22 has a minimum score of 22 and a maximum score of 110. Each question is scored on 1-5 scale. Questions are sorted into different domains and total and mean scores for each domain are calculated. A total score for the entire questionnaire is also calculated.
Time frame: 8 week
Cosmetic Deformity Evaluation
Patients cosmetic deformity will be evaluated with Walter Reed Visuel Assesment Scale. This scale includes seven items with figures representing different aspects of the spinal deformity: spinal deformity, rib prominence, lumbar prominence, thoracic deformity, trunk imbalance, shoulder asymmetry and scapular asymmetry. The figures are scored from minimum (1, no deformity) to maximum (5, severe deformity) and summed up to yield a total score (minimum: 5 points, maximum: 35 points).
Time frame: 8 week
Flexibility Measurement
Patients flexibility will be measured with forward and lateral bending tests
Time frame: 8 week
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