Young Moms Program (YMP) is designed to address systemic barriers to the health and stability of young moms and their children such as the lack of coordination of service delivery or logistical barriers within the health system. The YMP also streamlines the referral pipeline, connecting moms to evidence-based resources, and ensuring children complete all recommended assessments prior to kindergarten.
This application is a community-engaged research collaboration between the non-profit Imprints Cares, the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (WFBMC) Birth Center, and Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM). This project addresses the myriad risks associated with young moms ≤ 21 years old. Because YMP is a tiered program model, services meet parents where they are through a "warm hand-off" approach that uses one-on-one consultation and assessment-based interventions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
15
A twice-a-month home visits from trained family educators. Home visits will continue for the remainder of the study period as will the other components of the Parents as Teachers model: regular Group Connections for peer interactions and support, age-appropriate health and developmental screenings, and referrals that reflect mother and infant needs to community agencies that include the Child Development Services Agency (which provides screening for Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) Part C services), family services, intensive mental health services, among others.
A six-week virtual evidence-based parenting class entitled What You Do Matters, which will be delivered in partnership with the Pediatric Advocacy Program at WFBMC which combines short parent-educator discussions followed by interactive activities and peer to peer networking.
Wake Forest University Health Science
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
Protective Factors Survey Score
The Protective Factors Survey (PFS) is a 20-item measure - The PFS is a validated parent survey designed that assesses protective factors in five areas: family functioning/resiliency, social emotional support, concrete support, nurturing and attachment, and knowledge of parenting/child development - Each subscale is rated 1-7; higher is better - range is 35-175
Time frame: Week 1
Protective Factors Survey Score
The Protective Factors Survey (PFS) is a 20-item measure - The PFS is a validated parent survey designed that assesses protective factors in five areas: family functioning/resiliency, social emotional support, concrete support, nurturing and attachment, and knowledge of parenting/child development - Each subscale is rated 1-7; higher is better - range is 35-175
Time frame: Week 6
Protective Factors Survey Score
The Protective Factors Survey (PFS) is a 20-item measure - The PFS is a validated parent survey designed that assesses protective factors in five areas: family functioning/resiliency, social emotional support, concrete support, nurturing and attachment, and knowledge of parenting/child development - Each subscale is rated 1-7; higher is better - range is 35-175
Time frame: Month 6
Number of Children Screen Positive for Delays Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3) Score
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3) is a validated developmental screening designed for use by and with parents. The ASQ 3 screens for developmental milestones in communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills - Range is 0-60 for all age levels, higher is better
Time frame: Month 2
Number of Children Screen Positive for Delays Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3)
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3) is a validated developmental screening designed for use by and with parents. The ASQ 3 screens for developmental milestones in communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills - Range is 0-60 for all age levels, higher is better
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Month 4
Number of Children Screen Positive for Delays Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3)
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ 3) is a validated developmental screening designed for use by and with parents. The ASQ 3 screens for developmental milestones in communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills - Range is 0-60 for all age levels, higher is better
Time frame: Month 6
Number of Children Screen Positive for Delays Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE 2) Score
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE 2) is a validated screening of social and emotional behaviors - Range 0-240, Monitor with scores 25-34, score positive and refer with scores \>=35
Time frame: Month 2
Number of Children Screen Positive for Delays Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE 2) Score
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE 2) is a validated screening of social and emotional behaviors - Range 0-345, Monitor with scores 35-44 , score positive and refer with scores \>=45
Time frame: Month 6
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) Score
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) is a self-administered questionnaire that is validated for use in assessing the severity of depression. Depression Severity: 0-4 none, 5-9 mild, 10-14 moderate, 15-19 moderately severe, 20-27 severe. Validity has been assessed against an independent structured mental health professional (MHP) interview. PHQ-9 score ≥10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression.
Time frame: Baseline
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) Score
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) is a self-administered questionnaire that is validated for use in assessing the severity of depression. Depression Severity: 0-4 none, 5-9 mild, 10-14 moderate, 15-19 moderately severe, 20-27 severe. Validity has been assessed against an independent structured mental health professional (MHP) interview. PHQ-9 score ≥10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression.
Time frame: Month 6
The StimQ2-I Infant Cognitive Home Environment Questionnaire Score No Availability of Learning (ALM)
The StimQ2-I is a validated, interview-based assessment of home environments for use with infants ages five to 12 months. The StimQ2-I focuses on cognitive stimulation by the primary caregiver and contains several scales: Reading-Verbal, Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance, and Parental Verbal Responsivity - subscale range Read = 15, Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance (PIDA) = 5, Performance Validity Test (PVT) = 16 -Total STIMQ-I score range for the no ALM portion is 0-36; higher score is better.
Time frame: Month 6
Full STIMQ2-I Including Availability of Learning Materials (ALM)
The StimQ2-I is a validated, interview-based assessment of home environments for use with infants ages five to 12 months. The StimQ2-I focuses on cognitive stimulation by the primary caregiver and contains several scales: Availability of Learning Materials, Reading-Verbal, Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance, and Parental Verbal Responsivity - subscale range Read = 15, Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance (PIDA) = 5, Performance Validity Test (PVT) = 16, Availability of Learning Materials (ALM) = 6 Total score range for the STIMQ2-I including ALM is 0-42--a higher score is better.
Time frame: Month 6
Percent of Mothers Currently Using Contraception
Percent of participants regularly using effective contraception
Time frame: Month 6
Percent of Mothers Breastfeeding
Percent of mothers breastfeeding
Time frame: Week 6, Month 3 and Month 6
Number of Completed Well Child Visits
The team will track completion of well-child visits
Time frame: Week 1, Months 2, 4, and 6
Number of Completed Immunizations
The team will track completion of immunizations
Time frame: Months 2, 4, and 6
Number of Emergency Department (ED) Visits Per Subject
The team will use WFBMC Epic data to track use of preventive rather than emergent health care
Time frame: Month 6
Percent of Mothers That Continue Current Educational Pathway
The study team will track whether or not participants continue their education during the study period
Time frame: Month 6
Number of Referrals Placed Per Subject
Program services include developmental screenings, which in turn can lead to diagnostic assessments and, when eligible, enrollment in services. The team will track those infants are receiving the recommended screenings in a timely manner. Then, in cases where there are concerns, the team will follow-up with the young mom to determine whether or not the parent completed a formal assessment and, if eligible, enrolled in services.
Time frame: Month 6
Percent of Referrals Completed
Program services include developmental screenings, which in turn can lead to diagnostic assessments and, when eligible, enrollment in services. The team will track those infants are receiving the recommended screenings in a timely manner. Then, in cases where there are concerns, the team will follow-up with the young mom to determine whether or not the parent completed a formal assessment and, if eligible, enrolled in services.
Time frame: Month 6
Percent of Completed Referrals That Result in Services
Program services include developmental screenings, which in turn can lead to diagnostic assessments and, when eligible, enrollment in services. The team will track those infants are receiving the recommended screenings in a timely manner. Then, in cases where there are concerns, the team will follow-up with the young mom to determine whether or not the parent completed a formal assessment and, if eligible, enrolled in services.
Time frame: Month 6