Myofascial Points Treatment With Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves (ESW)

University of Padova30 enrolled

Overview

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain. Among the several conservative treatment options, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is considered the standard treatment. Recent studies suggest that PF may be sustained by a myofascial impairment proximal to the pain area with a biomechanical disequilibrium of the entire lower limb and pelvis. Therefore, by combining the concepts of Fascial Manipulation and ESWT, the purpose of this open label randomized controlled clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ESWT on myofascial trigger points of lower limb in a sample of subjects with PF. Patients with PF were randomly assigned to an Experimental treatment Group (EG), treated with focused ESWT on myofascial points, and a Control Group (CG), treated with the focused ESWT traditional approach on the medial calcaneal tubercle. Outcome measures included the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Italian Foot Functional Index (17-iFFI). The assessment was made before the first session(baseline-T1), immediately before the second session (T2), immediately before the third session (T3), at 1month (T4) and 4 months' follow-up (T5). Thirty patients who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Plantar Fasciitis Myofascial Trigger Point Pain

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * ≥ 18 years of age, * the presence of heel pain ≥ 3 months duration unresponsive to first-choice conservative treatments (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and/or other analgesic drugs, exercise program, insoles), * specialist diagnosis of plantar fasciitis confirmed with clinical examination, * pain intensity ≥ 5 at the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Exclusion Criteria: * previous ankle/foot fracture or surgery, * previous ankle/foot infections, * neurological deficits of the lower limbs, * diagnosis or suspect of fibromyalgia, * local steroid injection within the previous 3 months, * diabetes mellitus, * vascular diseases

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in 17-Italian Foot Function Index (17-iFFI)

Self-administered questionnaire. It consists in 17 items divided into 3 subscales: pain (5 items), disability (9 items), and limitation of activity (3 items). The items are rated on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), from 0 to 10. A score is calculated for every subgroup of items, and then the final score is calculated by adding the subscale's scores and dividing the result by 170. The final percentage score is between 0% (best outcome) and 100% (worst outcome).

Time frame: T1 (baseline - immediately before the first session); T2 (1 week - immediately before the second session); T3 (2 weeks - immediately before the third session); T4 (1 month follow-up); T5 (4 months follow-up)

Change in Foot and Ankle Outcome Scale (FAOS)

Self-administered questionnaire. It consists of 42 items divided in 5 subscales: pain (9 items), other symptoms (7 items), function in activities of daily living (17 items), function in sports and recreation (5 items), and foot-and-ankle related quality of life (4 items). The questions are made to be answered with qualitative terms (None, Mild, Moderate, Severe, Extreme) or temporal terms (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, Always) corresponding to a numeric value, from 0 to 4. The score for each subdomain as well as the total FAOS is then calculated and normalized to a 0-100 scale, where 0% is the worst outcome and 100% the best outcome. Then, a final, global percentage score, from 0% (worst outcome) to 100% (best outcome), is given.