Oral ATP disodium (adenosine 5'- triphosphate disodium) is a commercially available product available alone and as a constituent in a number of sports supplements that is purported to maintain ATP levels and improve performance during high-intensity exercise. Acute deficits in cognitive performance have also been reported in both young adults and children following high-intensity exercise; however, the effects of supplemental ATP on cognitive performance has not been studied. Goals: 1. To investigate the effect of ATP supplementation versus. placebo on mood, reaction time and cognitive performance before and after an acute bout of fatiguing exercise. 2. To investigate the effect of ATP supplementation versus. placebo on anaerobic performance.
Oral ATP disodium (adenosine 5'- triphosphate disodium) is a commercially available product available alone and as a constituent in a number of sports supplements that is purported to maintain ATP levels during high-intensity exercise. Initial studies providing oral enteric coated ATP disodium displayed no apparent efficacy toward enhancing ATP levels, and subsequent research questioned the bioavailability of enteric coated ATP following oral administration (1,2). However, a recent study demonstrated that ingestion of 400mg uncoated ATP disodium for 15 days prevented decreases in ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the bloodstream for up to 30 minutes following high-intensity exercise when compared to placebo (3). Consistent with this, when oral ATP was administered in the form of non-coated ATP disodium, beneficial effects including reduced fatigue (3), improved strength, power, and body composition (5), and enhanced recovery (6) were observed. Acute deficits in cognitive performance have also been reported in both young adults (6) and children (7) following high-intensity exercise. Cerebral activity is coupled to ATP metabolism, where energy flux is tightly correlated with energy demand (8). Thus, inadequate availability of metabolic resources may lead to acute or long-term cognitive impairments (9) and correspondingly, interventions that sustain ATP levels may have application for attenuating cognitive dysfunction in the face of an acute stressor that challenges brain energy metabolism. Notwithstanding, no study to date has examined the effect of uncoated ATP disodium supplementation on cognitive performance following high-intensity exercise. Goals: 1. To investigate the the effects of uncoated ATP disodium (PeakATP) on mood (POMS - Profile of mood states questionnaire), psychological stress and cognition (ANAM - Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric), reaction time (RT - Dynavision D2 visuomotor tests), and multiple object tracking (MOT - Neurotracker) 2. To examine the effects of uncoated ATP disodium (PeakATP) on end power (mean power during last 30 seconds of 3-minute test), anaerobic working capacity (work above end power), peak power, mean power, time to peak power, fatigue slope (W/sec), rate of fatigue (%), and total work (joules) during a 3-minute all-out cycle ergometer test. Method: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial comparing the effect of supplementation with Peak ATP versus placebo on mood, reaction time and cognitive performance. Supplementation will occur over a period of 14 days prior to completion of two separate experimental trials (randomly assigned), with a 14-day washout period in between. An acute dose will also be given during each experimental trial. POMS, RT, MOT and ANAM will be assessed pre- (0) immediately post- (IP) and 60-minutes (60P) post-completion of a 3-minute all-out cycle ergometer test. Anaerobic performance during the 3-minute test will be assessed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
35
Kinesiology Research Labs
Orlando, Florida, United States
Mood
Assessed via administration of the POMS Questionnaire. 58 words or phrases are presented in a Likert format questionnaire reflecting how the subject feels at the time of completing the questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). Tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion and total mood disturbance (TMD) will be measured.
Time frame: Pre (0)
Mood
Assessed via administration of the POMS Questionnaire. 58 words or phrases are presented in a Likert format questionnaire reflecting how the subject feels at the time of completing the questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). Tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion and total mood disturbance (TMD) will be measured.
Time frame: Immediately post (IP)
Mood
Assessed via administration of the POMS Questionnaire. 58 words or phrases are presented in a Likert format questionnaire reflecting how the subject feels at the time of completing the questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). Tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion and total mood disturbance (TMD) will be measured.
Time frame: 60-minutes post (60P)
Reaction Time
Assessed using the Dynavision D2 visuomotor training device. Subjects are required to recognize and respond as fast as possible to random and sequentially appearing stimuli across the Dynavision apparatus target field. Mode A test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. The number of hits and average reaction time per hit will be assessed. Mode B test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. Additionally, the participant will be required to verbally recite a random 5-digit number that presents on the center screen (t-scope) of the D2. The 5-digit number is presented a total of 11 times throughout the 60-second test, remains for 0.75 seconds and will be randomly generated. The number of hits, misses and the average reaction time per hit will be assessed.
Time frame: Pre (0)
Reaction Time
Assessed using the Dynavision D2 visuomotor training device. Subjects are required to recognize and respond as fast as possible to random and sequentially appearing stimuli across the Dynavision apparatus target field. Mode A test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. The number of hits and average reaction time per hit will be assessed. Mode B test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. Additionally, the participant will be required to verbally recite a random 5-digit number that presents on the center screen (t-scope) of the D2. The 5-digit number is presented a total of 11 times throughout the 60-second test, remains for 0.75 seconds and will be randomly generated. The number of hits, misses and the average reaction time per hit will be assessed.
Time frame: Immediately post (IP)
Reaction Time
Assessed using the Dynavision D2 visuomotor training device. Subjects are required to recognize and respond as fast as possible to random and sequentially appearing stimuli across the Dynavision apparatus target field. Mode A test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. The number of hits and average reaction time per hit will be assessed. Mode B test - The participant will be instructed to successfully identify and strike as many stimuli as possible within 60 seconds with both hands. Additionally, the participant will be required to verbally recite a random 5-digit number that presents on the center screen (t-scope) of the D2. The 5-digit number is presented a total of 11 times throughout the 60-second test, remains for 0.75 seconds and will be randomly generated. The number of hits, misses and the average reaction time per hit will be assessed.
Time frame: 60-minutes post (60P)
Multiple Object Tracking (MOT)
Multiple object Tracking (MOT) speed will be assessed via the completion of a CORE assessment using Neurotracker MOT software. The Neurotracker MOT assessment requires participants to track four targets among eight spheres projected within a cube space. The spheres follow a linear trajectory in space, with deviations in trajectory occurring in response to collisions between balls and with the walls of the cube. The CORE assessment includes 20 trials and lasts approx. 6 minutes and challenges attention, visual information processing speed and working memory. The MOT speed threshold, defined as the speed at which the participant correctly identifies all target balls 50% of the time (i.e., the point at which their performance neither improves nor deteriorates) will be determined.
Time frame: Pre (0)
Multiple Object Tracking (MOT)
Multiple object Tracking (MOT) speed will be assessed via the completion of a CORE assessment using Neurotracker MOT software. The Neurotracker MOT assessment requires participants to track four targets among eight spheres projected within a cube space. The spheres follow a linear trajectory in space, with deviations in trajectory occurring in response to collisions between balls and with the walls of the cube. The CORE assessment includes 20 trials and lasts approx. 6 minutes and challenges attention, visual information processing speed and working memory. The MOT speed threshold, defined as the speed at which the participant correctly identifies all target balls 50% of the time (i.e., the point at which their performance neither improves nor deteriorates) will be determined.
Time frame: Immediately post (IP)
Multiple Object Tracking (MOT)
Multiple object Tracking (MOT) speed will be assessed via the completion of a CORE assessment using Neurotracker MOT software. The Neurotracker MOT assessment requires participants to track four targets among eight spheres projected within a cube space. The spheres follow a linear trajectory in space, with deviations in trajectory occurring in response to collisions between balls and with the walls of the cube. The CORE assessment includes 20 trials and lasts approx. 6 minutes and challenges attention, visual information processing speed and working memory. The MOT speed threshold, defined as the speed at which the participant correctly identifies all target balls 50% of the time (i.e., the point at which their performance neither improves nor deteriorates) will be determined.
Time frame: 60-minutes post (60P)
Symptoms checklist
Monitor frequency and severity of subjective symptoms related to a broad spectrum of conditions. The participant is presented with 21 symptoms. The participant is required to rate each symptom (e.g. fatigue, headache, Nausea, numbness/tingling etc. on a scale from 0 (Not Present) to 6 (Severe). Assessed as part of the ANAM.
Time frame: Pre (0)
Symptoms checklist
Monitor frequency and severity of subjective symptoms related to a broad spectrum of conditions. The participant is presented with 21 symptoms. The participant is required to rate each symptom (e.g. fatigue, headache, Nausea, numbness/tingling etc. on a scale from 0 (Not Present) to 6 (Severe). Assessed as part of the ANAM.
Time frame: Immediately post (IP)
Sleepiness Scale
The subject is presented with seven different statements of alertness/sleepiness, ranging from "Feeling very alert, wide awake, and energetic" to "Very sleepy and cannot stay awake much longer." The participant is instructed to select the statement that best matches their current state.
Time frame: 60-minutes post (60P)
Cognition
Response scores from each of seven cognitive assessments administered as part of a battery of tests via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computer software. Tests include: 1. Simple reaction time 2. Code Substitution 3. Procedural Reaction Time 4. Mathematical processing 5. Matching to sample 6. Code substitution Delayed 7. Simple reaction time repeat
Time frame: Pre (0)
Cognition
Response scores from each of seven cognitive assessments administered as part of a battery of tests via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computer software. Tests include: 1. Simple reaction time 2. Code Substitution 3. Procedural Reaction Time 4. Mathematical processing 5. Matching to sample 6. Code substitution Delayed 7. Simple reaction time repeat
Time frame: Immediately post (IP)
Cognition
Response scores from each of seven cognitive assessments administered as part of a battery of tests via Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computer software. Tests include: 1. Simple reaction time 2. Code Substitution 3. Procedural Reaction Time 4. Mathematical processing 5. Matching to sample 6. Code substitution Delayed 7. Simple reaction time repeat
Time frame: 60-minutes post (60P)
Anaerobic performance
Subjects will complete 60 seconds of unloaded cycling at 90 rpm before immediately completing a 3-minute all-out test on a cycle ergometer. Resistance during the test will be set as a function of pedaling rate using a scaling factor based on the power output at a set cadence (70 rpm) being equal to 50% of the difference between the power output at gas exchange threshold (GET) and peak power output assessed during the VO2peak test. End power (mean power during last 30 seconds of 3-minute test), anaerobic working capacity (work above end power), peak power, mean power, time to peak power, fatigue slope (W/sec), rate of fatigue (%), and total work (joules) will be calculated
Time frame: During 3-minute test
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