The PROVECT study is a retrospective, multicentre study assessing the effectiveness and the safety outcomes in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) treated by apixaban between 2015 and 2019 (5 years follow up). The study will use harmonized and federated hospital electronic health records (EHRs) from 10 Belgian hospitals. Outcomes of interest are major bleeding events leading to hospitalization (safety), stroke and systemic thromboembolic events (effectiveness), and all-cause mortality (as an exploratory endpoint, and after confirming the data availability because the death events are not always recorded into hospital EHRs). The study will analyse the outcomes by patient characteristics including the age groups focusing on elderly, thromboembolism risk factors (CHAR2RDSR2R-VASc score), bleeding risk factors (HAS-BLED score), comorbidities (Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index, DCCI) score and frailty.
Apixaban is an antithrombotic agent that directly inhibits factor Xa, and which has obtained market authorization in the indication "prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), with one or more risk factors, such as prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), age ≥75 years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and symptomatic heart failure (NYHA ≥ class II)." Among other direct oral anti-coagulants (DOACs) only apixaban has shown a triple beneficial profile (on stroke/systemic embolisms, major bleedings, and all-cause mortality) supported by data from pivotal randomized clinical trials (RCTs). This differentiation has been consistently found in multiple real-world data (RWD) studies including the NAXOS study in France5 and the ARISTOPHANES study in US particularly in terms of incidence of major bleedings for apixaban vs. others DOACs or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Although such data can be generalized to different populations, healthcare professionals in Belgium and healthcare authorities have been frequently requesting local scientific data to support the effectiveness and safety outcomes in patients treated by apixaban in local Belgium settings. This scientific data gap is particularly evident for routine care data allowing to understand the apixaban use patterns in the Belgian poly-medicated, frail and new patients starting an apixaban treatment. The PROVECT study aims to address this particular local data gap and its results may help to guide practical clinical decisions .
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Pfizer Site
Brussels, Belgium
Event Rate of Stroke/Systemic Embolism Requiring Hospitalization: Apixaban treated patients
StroStroke/SE will be identified using hospital EHR which had a stroke/SE diagnosis code as the first listed ICD-10-CM diagnosis code. (Codes list defined) Stroke/SE will be classified into 3 categories: ischemic stroke, hemorrhage stroke, and SE. Time to stroke will be defined as the number of days from the index date to the occurrence of the first stroke/SE requiring hospitalization
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Event Rate of Major Bleeding Requiring Hospitalization: Apixaban treated patients
Major bleeding will be identified using hospital EHR which had a bleeding diagnosis code as the first listed ICD-10-CM diagnosis or procedure code (Code list defined). Time to major bleeding will be defined as the number of days from the index date to the occurrence of the first major bleeding event requiring hospitalization
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Event Rate of Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Requiring Hospitalization: Apixaban treated patients
Event rate was defined as number of events divided by 100 participant-years for first occurrence of GI bleeding events after index date was reported. GI bleeding requiring hospitalization was identified using hospital claims which had a GI bleeding ICD code (Code list defined). Index date = the first prescription date of study drugs during intake duration.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Event Rate of Intracranial Hemorrhage Requiring Hospitalization: Apixaban treated patients
Event rate was defined as number of events divided by 100 participant-years for first occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage events after index date was reported. Intracranial hemorrhage requiring hospitalization was identified using hospital claims which had an intracranial haemorrhage ICD code (Code list defined) and brain CT or MRI codes. Index date = the first prescription date of study drugs during intake duration
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Event Rate of Other Bleeding Requiring Hospitalization: Apixaban treated patients
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Event rate was defined as number of events divided by 100 participant-years for first occurrence of other bleeding events after index date was reported. Other bleeding requiring hospitalization was identified using hospital claims which had other bleeding ICD code (Code list defined). Index date = the first prescription date of study drugs during intake duration.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Mortality rates
Patients who died during a hospitalization during the follow-up period will be labelled by binary indicators.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Rate of discontinuation
Discontinuation is defined as the first day of a period of at least 30 consecutive days (grace period) in which 0 days' supply for the index OAC is detected. Sensitivity analysis with 60-day grace period will be included. The date of discontinuation will be the end date of the last filled prescription before the treatment gap. The mean and median (days) duration of treatment before discontinuation will be calculated.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Time-to-discontinuation
Time to discontinuation will be defined as the number of days from the date of index apixaban prescription to the date of discontinuation.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Hospital Length of Stay (LOS)
Length of stay will be defined as the number of days a patient received care during an inpatient stay. LOS will be a continuous and categorical variable.
Time frame: Up to 60 months