Discrimination and the Brain-Gut-Microbiome (BGM) Axis

Inclusion Criteria: * Premenopausal females * Ages 18-50 * Mexican or Filipino ancestry * BMI 19-40 * Fluent in English * Right-handed Exclusion Criteria: Co-Morbidities including but not limited to: * Type I diabetes (insulin dependent) * Vascular disease * Drastic weight loss (more than 10lbs over the preceding 2months) * Frequent Strenuous exercise (i.e. marathon runners/heavy weight lifting) * Abdominal surgeries including weight loss surgery, or partial/complete resection of the stomach or bowel * Untreated thyroid disease * Neurological disease * Major medical condition that may put the subject at risk or interfere with data collection as determined by the PI/MD * Chronic pain * Diagnosed DSM IV active psychiatric illness including eating disorders. Must not be active or present for at least 2 years. * Use of medications known to affect hunger, satiety, and/or appetite. * Unable to safely participate in the MRI (claustrophobia, presence of devices affected by MRI such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, or any metallic foreign body, etc.) * Pregnant, lactating, postpartum less than 6mo * Women of childbearing age who are not practicing birth control or are planning to get pregnant during the study. * Body weight at enrollment greater than 400lbs due to weight restrictions on the MRI table * Use of oral/IV antibiotics within the last 3 months * Use of probiotics in the last month * Heavy use of tobacco, alcohol, and/or drug use/abuse * Significant change in usual diet and/or weight loss of more than 10lbs in the last 2months * Refugees or recent immigration of less than 2 years in the USA. * Temporary workers/visitors/students * Recent international travel if more than 3 weeks within the last 3 months. Use of the following medications is exclusionary: * Opiates/narcotics * Chronic daily use of high dose OTC analgesics * Anti-seizure medications * Medications for appetite suppression * Chronic use of laxatives/antidiarrheals, medications affecting GI motility * Insulin * Bile Acid Sequestrants * Centrally acting medications that will interfere with the neuroimaging testing * Thyroid replacement medications (OK if stable for at least 3mo) * Heavy use of tobacco/cannabis * Heavy use of alcohol ( \>7/week for women) * Antidepressants (5HT3's/Tricyclics) (OK if stable for at least 3mo)