What is the Effect of Vision on Movement Control in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Patients 7 Months Post-surgery?

Joint position sense testing

Participants will be seated and blindfolded. Participants will perform this test in the 3D lab utilising using an eight-camera motion analysis system (200Hz: Bonita-B10, Vicon, UK). The assessor will active extend the participant's knee to between 0-30 degrees and hold it there. The participant will then be asked to replicate that angle 5 times for each leg

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

single leg balance (eyes closed versus eyes open)

Participants will perform this test in the 3D lab utilising using an eight-camera motion analysis system (200Hz: Bonita-B10, Vicon, UK) and integrated force plates (1000Hz BP400600, AMTI, USA). Participants will stand on one leg with less than 15 degrees knee flexion. They will be asked to balance for 20 seconds. 3 trials will be taken for each leg with participants' eyes open and 3 trials of each leg whilst they are blindfolded

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Quadriceps and hamstrings strength

isokinetic dynamometry conducted on each leg between 0-100 degrees at 60 deg/sec. 3 sets of 5 completed for each leg

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Countermovement jump- double leg and single leg

Participants will be instructed to jump as high as they can. This will be conducted 3 times with double leg and then 3 trials single legged (for each leg)

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Drop jump- double leg and single leg

participants will drop off 30cm step (double leg) and 15cm step (single leg) and be instructed to quickly jump off the ground and as high as they can. 3 trials of each will be taken

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaire

Questionnaire utilised to assess for participants' readiness to return to sport and identify if there are any potential psychological factors impacting their return to sport. Minimum score 0% and maximum score 100%. Lower score indicates less fear regarding return to sport

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

International knee documentation committee (IKDC) Questionnaire

Questionnaire utilised to assess participants' self-reported function. Minimum score 0 and maximum score 100. A higher score indicates higher levels of function

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Tampa scale of kinesiophobia

Questionnaire utilised to assess participants' fear of movement or reinjury. Minimum score 17 and maximum score 68. A lower score indicates better outcome or reduced kinesiophobia

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Near far quickness score (as part of visual processing software)

sensory tablet (Senaptec, USA) with preloaded assessment tasks to across multiple visual processing domains including near far quickness task. The task requires the participants to correctly answer a task on a screen 3 metres away. Upon entry of the correct answer, a task appears on a device 70-100cm from the participant. The task will then continue to move between the 2 screens over a 30 second period, with the number of correct responses and time taken to input a response being calculated. The number of correct responses over 30 second test period is reported with a higher score indicating better function

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Near far quickness reaction time to target (as part of visual processing software)

sensory tablet (Senaptec, USA) with preloaded assessment tasks to across multiple visual processing domains including near far quickness task. The task requires the participants to correctly answer a task on a screen 3 metres away. Upon entry of the correct answer, a task appears on a device 70-100cm from the participant. The task will then continue to move between the 2 screens over a 30 second period, with the number of correct responses and time taken to input a response being calculated. Average response time is calculated for individual to input correct response for a far target and a near target. A lower value indicates quicker reaction time and hence better function.

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Perception span (as part of visual processing software)

sensory tablet (Senaptec, USA) with preloaded assessment tasks to across multiple visual processing domains including perception span task. The task involves recalling which circles were filled following a pattern being flashed for 1 second. Total score is calculated by the software with a higher score indicating better function

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

multiple object tracking score (as part of visual processing software)

sensory tablet (Senaptec, USA) with preloaded assessment tasks to across multiple visual processing domains including multiple object tracking task. In the task, a set of circles are highlighted to the participant. The circles then spin around the screen in conjunction with other circles before coming to a stop. The participant is then tasked with correctly identifying the circles that were initially highlighted.The software provides a proportional and composite score. A higher score indicates better function

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR

Reaction time (as part of visual processing software)

sensory tablet (Senaptec, USA) with preloaded assessment tasks to across multiple visual processing domains including reaction time task. In the task, the participant places both index fingers on the screen, a flashing red image indicates which finger needs to be removed from the screen. The participant is advised to remove their finger from the screen as quickly as possible. Reaction times are provided by the software for each side (dominant hand and non-dominant hand) and also as an average between the two sides. A lower time indicates better function

Time frame: at 7 months post-ACLR