The investigators aim to use artificial intelligence (AI) to help clinicians in diagnosing and assessing spinal deformities.
Background Spinal deformity is a prevalent spinal disorder in both paediatric and adult populations. The spine alignment need to be quantitively assessed for further treatment planning. However, the current practice requires spine surgeons to manually place landmarks of endplates and key vertebrae. The process is laborious and prone to inter- and intra-rater variance. Thus, the investigators have developed an AI-powered spine alignment assessment system (AlignProCARE) to facilitate clinicians in fast, accurate and consistent analytical results. The investigators aim to test and improve the performance of the spine alignment auto-analysis in all patients with spinal deformities in multiple centers including Malaysia, China, and Japan Objectives: 1. prospectively test the alignment assessment of patients' spinal deformities with whole spine X-rays (both PA and lateral) and nude back image with the assessment via AlignProCARE. 2. Collect 500 labeled deformity radiographs and nude back images in both PA and lateral views per center. 150 patients need to be followed up with radiographs and nude back photos collected (all parameters measured again). 3. Use transfer learning to update the current AlignProCARE for scoliosis analysis to form AlignProCARE+. 4 Qualitatively analyse the AlignProCARE+ using an independent dataset.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
2,500
Nude back photo at baseline and at follow-ups for each patient and visual severity and curve type classifications
Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
RECRUITINGCobb angle
Coronal Cobb angle of the spinal deformity. The most tilted end vertebrae away from the apex will be used for measurement of the Cobb angle.The anteroposterior radiograph is used to assess
Time frame: 1 year
Thoracic kyphosis
Thoracic kyphosis T5-12: angle between upper endplate of T5 to lower endplate of T12 in the lateral radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Lumbar lordosis
Lumbar lordosis L1-S1: angle between upper endplate of L1 to top of S1 in the lateral radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Pelvic tilt
Pelvic tilt angle measurement in degrees in the lateral radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Sacral slope
Sacral slope angle measurement in degrees in the lateral radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Pelvic incidence
Pelvic incidence angle measurement in degrees in the lateral radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Maximum thoracic kyphosis
Maximum thoracic kyphosis: angle measurement from the upper endplate of most tilted upper end vertebra to the lower endplate of the lower end vertebra of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane radiograph
Time frame: 1 year
Curve severity
Severity classifications: normal-mild; moderate and severe
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Time frame: 1 year