The CONFIDENT Study is an online three-arm randomized trial that aims to help long-term care workers in the United States feel more confident about the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. The study will compare two different interventions to usual online information (website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The first intervention is a Dialogue-Based Webinar where people can interact and ask questions about the vaccines. The second intervention is a Social Media Website that will feature curated content about the vaccines from popular social media platforms. Participants will be asked to completed four online surveys. The first survey will be completed pre-intervention and immediately upon study enrollment (Time 0). Participants will be randomized to a trial arm at the end of the Time 0 survey. Intervention follow-up surveys will be completed 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1), three months post-randomization (Time 2), and 6 months post-randomization (Time 3).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2,634
One-time virtual webinars facilitated by a long-term care worker and a physician expert. The webinars will include provision of the existing COVID-19 vaccine Option Grid(TM) conversation aid. The majority of time will be focused on answering participants' questions about COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccines. An additional refresher intervention will be delivered several weeks later that will comprise of an email with links to a pre-recorded, shorter webinar available in video and audio-only formats.
A curated COVID-19 social media website. The website will feature content from different social media platforms. The posts will include information about COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants will have the ability to like and comment on website content and can re-visit the website as many times as they like. An additional refresher intervention will be delivered several weeks later that will comprise of an email featuring previews and links to a selection of website content.
COVID-19 vaccine information on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. An additional refresher will be delivered several weeks later that will comprise of an email with a link to the COVID-19 vaccine information on the CDC website.
Dartmouth College
Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence
Confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines, assessed using the 3-item Vaccine Confidence Index (Larson et al., 2016) adapted for COVID-19. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ('Strongly disagree') to 5 ('Strongly agree'). Respondents are considered 'confident' (score of '1') if they respond 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree' on all three items and 'not confident' (score of '0') if one or more item responses is not 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree'.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Change From Baseline to 3 Weeks Post-randomization in COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence
Change in confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines from baseline to 3 weeks post-randomization, assessed using the 3-item Vaccine Confidence Index (Larson et al., 2016) adapted for COVID-19. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ('Strongly disagree') to 5 ('Strongly agree'). Respondents are considered 'confident' (score of '1') if they respond 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree' on all three items and 'not confident' (score of '0') if one or more item responses is not 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree'. For the change from baseline to Time 1 outcome, a score of 1 represents an increase in vaccine confidence (Vaccine Confidence Index score change from 0 to 1) and a score of 0 represents no change or a decrease in confidence.
Time frame: Baseline (Time 0); 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Post-randomization in COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence
Change in confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines from baseline to 3 months post-randomization, assessed using the 3-item Vaccine Confidence Index (Larson et al., 2016) adapted for COVID-19. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ('Strongly disagree') to 5 ('Strongly agree'). Respondents are considered 'confident' (score of '1') if they respond 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree' on all three items and 'not confident' (score of '0') if one or more item responses is not 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree'. For the change from baseline to Time 2 outcome, a score of 1 represents an increase in vaccine confidence (Vaccine Confidence Index score change from 0 to 1) and a score of 0 represents no change or a decrease in confidence.
Time frame: Baseline (Time 0); 3 months post-randomization (Time 2)
Change From Baseline to 6 Months Post-randomization in COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence
Change in confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines from baseline to 6 months post-randomization, assessed using the 3-item Vaccine Confidence Index (Larson et al., 2016) adapted for COVID-19. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ('Strongly disagree') to 5 ('Strongly agree'). Respondents are considered 'confident' (score of '1') if they respond 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree' on all three items and 'not confident' (score of '0') if one or more item responses is not 'Agree' or 'Strongly agree'. For the change from baseline to Time 3 outcome, a score of 1 represents an increase in vaccine confidence (Vaccine Confidence Index score change from 0 to 1) and a score of 0 represents no change or a decrease in confidence.
Time frame: Baseline (Time 0); 6 months post-randomization (Time 3)
Net Promoter Score (COVID-19 Vaccination)
Likelihood of recommending COVID-19 vaccination to someone who is not vaccinated, assessed using a single-item adapted Net Promoter Score item. The item is assessed on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 ('No at all likely') to 10 ('Extremely likely'). Responses are categorized into three groups: Promoters (scale score of 9 or 10) receive a score of '1', passives (scale score of 7 or 8) receive a score of '0', and detractors (scale score of 0-6) receive a score of '-1'.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Net Promoter Score (COVID-19 Booster Vaccination to Coworker)
Likelihood of recommending COVID-19 booster vaccination to a coworker, assessed using a single-item adapted Net Promoter Score item. The item is assessed on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 ('No at all likely') to 10 ('Extremely likely'). Responses are categorized into three groups: Promoters (scale score of 9 or 10) receive a score of '1', passives (scale score of 7 or 8) receive a score of '0', and detractors (scale score of 0-6) receive a score of '-1'.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake (Any Dose)
Receipt of any does of a COVID-19 vaccine, assessed using a single item with multiple choice (single answer) format.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake (Initial Series Completion)
Completion of initial COVID-19 vaccine series, assessed using two items with multiple choice (single answer) formats.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake (Booster Completion)
Receipt of a COVID-19 booster vaccine if initial series completed, assessed using a single item with multiple choice (single answer) format.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Intent (Initial Series)
Intent to get a COVID-19 vaccine if unvaccinated, assessed using a single item with multiple choice (single answer) format. Response options are Yes (score of '1'), Not Sure (score of '0'), and No (score of '-1').
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Intent (Booster)
Intent to get a COVID-19 booster vaccine if not yet received, assessed using a single item with multiple choice (single answer) format. Response options are Yes (score of '1'), Not Sure (score of '0'), and No (score of '-1').
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
COVID-19 Vaccine Intent (Future Vaccine Recommendations)
Intent to get COVID-19 vaccines regularly in the future if they are recommended, assessed using a single item with multiple choice (single answer) format. Response options are Yes (score of '1'), Not Sure (score of '0'), and No (score of '-1').
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Feeling Informed About the COVID-19 Vaccines
Extent of feeling informed (having enough information and understanding that information) about the COVID-19 vaccines, using two self-developed items. Each item is assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ('No at all confident') to 4 ('Very confident'). A single overall score is calculated as the mean of the two items (possible range 0-4).
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Identification of COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Misinformation
Identification of COVID-19 vaccine information and misinformation, assessed using four items. Some items self-developed and some adapted from Hamel et al., 2021. Each item is assessed using a multiple choice (single answer) format. Each item response is scored as correct (value of '1') or incorrect (value of '0'). A single overall score is calculated as the sum of all four items (possible range 0-4).
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Information From Different Sources
Trust in COVID-19 vaccine information given by different people and organizations, assessed using a list of three different sources. Each source is assessed using a 4-point scale ranging from 0 ('Not at all') to 3 ('A lot'). A single overall score is calculated as the mean of the three items (possible range 0-3).
Time frame: 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1)
Change From Baseline in Secondary Outcomes
Change in secondary outcomes from baseline, assessed using the same measures identified in Outcomes 3-13.
Time frame: Baseline (Time 0); 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1); 3 months post-randomization (Time 2); 6 months post-randomization (Time 3)
As-treated Analyses of Primary and Secondary Outcomes
All primary and secondary outcomes assessed only for those who were exposed to their relevant study intervention and/or refresher intervention.
Time frame: Baseline (Time 0); 3 weeks post-randomization (Time 1); 3 months post-randomization (Time 2); 6 months post-randomization (Time 3)
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