Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)are neurodevelopmental disorders that are clinically characterized by a triad of features: impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and presence of restrictive repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, interests, or activities (DSM-IV). In addition to these core deficits, ASD is associated with a high prevalence of fine motor difficulties and executive function impairments that contribute to acquisition and performance of skilled motor tasks. It is therefore not surprising that handwriting difficulties are frequently reported in children with ASD.
Handwriting is a functional skill that profoundly affects children's academic and psychosocial development. Difficulties in acquiring and applying these skills subsequently lead to problems such as slow writing and illegible written .Such difficulties may have implications on the child's successful participation in school and play activities, potentially leading to problems in academic performance and lowered self-esteem .Therefore, students with handwriting difficulties are especially prone to frustration, disappointment, and under achievement. The aim of our study is to improve handwriting quality of children with ASD.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
Oculomotor exercises as follow:(1) Eye follow with a stationary head 2)Saccadic eye movements 3) Gaze stability 4)Eye/head co-ordination 5)Balancing exercises
(1)Eye motor coordination (2)position in space(3)coping-figure ground(4)spatial relationship(5)visual closure(6)constancy of shapes(7)far and near coping
Oculomotor exercises as follow:(1) Eye follow with a stationary head 2)Saccadic eye movements 3) Gaze stability 4)Eye/head co-ordination 5)Balancing exercises 6)Eye motor coordination (7)position in space(8)coping-figure ground(9)spatial relationship(10)visual closure(11)constancy of shapes(12)far and near coping Hand writing intervention as follow (1)Eye motor coordination (2)position in space(3)coping-figure ground(4)spatial relationship(5)visual closure(6)constancy of shapes(7)far and near coping
Misr university for science and technology
Cairo, Egypt
gaze stability
Rating scale of gaze stability 0= negative Gaze stable smooth well coordinated,percise and fast movement of the head,fluent change of head movement direction 1. modreate positive Gaze stable,slightely irregular head movement 2. strong positive Gaze repeatedly unstable ,head movement slow and irregular
Time frame: 6 weeks
eye head coordination
Rating scale of sequential head and eye movements 0= negative Clear,regular ,smooth, dissociated movements,of head and eyes. 1. moderately positive slightely decelerated eye movements.occasional associated eye-head movements ,head unstable. 2. strongly positive clearly decelerated , irregular and often associated eye -head movements test not feasible.
Time frame: 6 weeks
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