The COVID-19 infection affects humans differently. While some recover quickly and fully, others develop serious illnesses and late complications. The term late complications describe symptoms that last for 12 weeks or longer after COVID-19 infection is detected. The aim of the present project is to investigate whether it is possible to identify genetic factors that occur more frequently in people suffering from COVID-19 late complications than in those who do not develop late complications. The investigators aim to develop a genetic profile that identifies individuals at high risk for late complications of COVID-19. Number and nature of late complications will be analysed to identify patterns in the incidence of late complications associated with certain genetic traits. The study is designed as a case-control study and is expected to include 500 subjects between 18 and 65 years of age who at least 12 weeks ago tested positive for COVID-19; 250 who suffer from late complications and 250 who have fully recovered.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
208
Zealand University Hospital
Roskilde, Region Sjælland, Denmark
Dyspnea
Measured by means of Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (MRC), which is a single-item, rated on a 5-point likert-scale in the range 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms.
Time frame: At inclusion
Hand grip strength (HGS)
Measure the maximum isometric strength in the hand and forearm.
Time frame: At inclusion
Psychic stress
Measured by means of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a 10-item questionnaire, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (None of the time) to 5 (All the time). The total score is in the range 10-50.
Time frame: At inclusion
Cognitive impairment
Measured by means of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). The total score is in the range between zero and 30. A score of 26 and higher is considered normal.
Time frame: At inclusion
Cognitive impairment
Measured by means of Trail Making Test (TMT) which is scored by the number of seconds required to complete the task. Higher scores reveal greater impairment.
Time frame: At inclusion
Cognitive impairment
Measured by means of Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The score is the correct number of substitutions in 90 s, and is in the range 0-110.
Time frame: At inclusion
Physical and mental health
Measured using the 12-point Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).
Time frame: At inclusion
Ability to cope
Measured by means of Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE), a 28-items self-report questionnaire, scored on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (I haven't been doing this at all) to 4 (I've been doing this a lot). The total score is in the range 28-112.
Time frame: At inclusion
Level of Personality Functioning
Measured by means of Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Form (LPFS-BF), a 12-item self-report questionnaire, scored on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (completely untrue) to 4 (completely true). The total score is in the range 12-48.
Time frame: At inclusion
Work Rehabilitation
Measured by means of Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ).
Time frame: At inclusion
Sexual function assessed by Female Sexel Function Index (FSFI_R)
Measured by means of Female Sexel Function Index (FSFI\_R) for women. FSFI-R is a 7-item self-report questionnaire, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 to 5 .
Time frame: At inclusion
Sexual function
Measured by means of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for men . IIEF-5 is a 5-item self-report questionnaire, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 to 5.
Time frame: At inclusion
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