The study is designed to characterize and monitor the structure, degree of activation and function of the different respiratory muscles during mechanical ventilation after spine trauma and spinal cord injury.
In patients with spinal cord injury, separation from mechanical ventilation is an essential aspect of the prognosis. Denervation of specific muscles, as a consequence of the injury, can generate a dysfunction of the involved muscles and/or a disruption of their coordination during breathing. Respiratory muscle dysfunction is strongly associated with failure of weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, the pattern of activation and coordination of the different respiratory muscles, as well as their evolution over time, have been poorly investigated in spinal cord injury, particularly during the acute phase in intensive care unit. Assessing the structure, activity, and function of the respiratory muscles at different time points after the injury would help to better understand the natural course of respiration in these patients and the possible therapeutic approaches. In fact, depending on the activation/deactivation and residual function of the respiratory muscles, there might be potential for recovery and training, with the possibility of improving patients' clinical outcomes. In this preliminary physiological study, the investigators aim to assess the feasibility of monitoring non-invasively the respiratory muscles in mechanically ventilated adult patients with traumatic spine lesion, with and without spinal cord injury. The investigators also aim to assess, monitor, and compare over time the structure, degree of activation, function, and coordination of the different respiratory muscles. Because the diagnosis of spinal cord injury is not always made immediately in spine trauma patients, and because other factors related to chest or abdominal trauma could interfere with the respiratory pattern, the plan is to study and follow patients with spinal cord injury, using patients with traumatic spine lesion without spinal cord injury as controls.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
30
Patients will be assessed and measurements will be taken during controlled ventilation (most likely \<72 hours of ICU admission), during partially assisted ventilation, and until spontaneous unassisted breathing is reached.
Unity Health Toronto - St. Michael's Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
RECRUITINGThickness and thickening fraction of the accessory muscles and their evolution over time during mechanical ventilation after spinal cord injury and spine trauma.
Patients with spinal cord injury will be compared to patients with spine trauma and no spinal cord injury, at baseline and at different time points. The evolution of the ultrasound thickness of the respiratory muscles will also be compared to the evolution of the thickness of the limb muscles (rectus femoris). Regarding the primary outcome, patients with spinal cord injury will be compared to patients with spinal trauma and no spinal cord injury at baseline and at different time points. The evolution of the ultrasound thickness of the respiratory muscles will also be compared to the evolution of the thickness of the limb muscles (rectus femoris).
Time frame: Baseline measurements assessed ≤ 72 hours from admission and subsequent measurements assessed > 72 hours from intensive care unit admission, until spontaneous unassisted breathing is reached, up to 6 weeks from enrollment
Timing of activation and coordination of the diaphragm and of the different accessory muscles will be assessed using surface electromyography and monitored over time, after spinal cord injury and spine trauma.
Time frame: > 72 hours after intensive care unit admission up to 6 weeks from enrollment
Rib cage and abdomen displacement and their coordination will be recorded and monitored over time using respiratory inductive plethysmography, after spinal cord injury and spine trauma.
Measures to be assessed will be: phase angle, asynchronies and/or paradox of rib cage and abdomen, maximum compartmental amplitude/tidal volume ratio, rib cage/tidal volume ratio (relative contribution of the rib cage to the tidal volume).
Time frame: > 72 hours after intensive care unit admission up to 6 weeks from enrollment
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