Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with semilunar incision (SI) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 sites (27 CTG and 28 PRF) from 20 patients who underwent PR with either PRF or CTG placed with SI in the maxillary anterior region were included in the study. Baseline (BL) and follow-up (T1( first month), T3 (third month), T6 (sixth month)) clinical data including periodontal evaluations (gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index, pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession), papilla-associated recordings (alveolar crest-interdental contact point (AC-IC), alveolar crest-papilla tip (AC-PT), papilla tip-interdental contact point (PT-IC), papilla height loss (PHL), interdental tissue stroke (ITS) and papilla presence index (PPI)) and patient satisfaction were analyzed.
PT-IC was taken as the primary outcome measure. Normal distribution was assessed by histogram and Shapiro-Wilk test. Continuous variables were represented as mean±SD whereas the categorical variables were reported as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test was used for the comparison of the categorical variables. Since the data was normally distributed, Friedman test was used to analyze the time-dependent changes in both groups and the inter-group comparisons were made with Mann-Whitney test. Generalized Estimating Equation was used for analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, time-dependent changes, and the difference between two methods. Data analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23, and p\<0.05 was considered as a significance threshold.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
55
The data of the patients who underwent papilla reconstruction surgery by one of the authors (S.O.B.) using semilunar incision with either PRF or CTG in the maxillary anterior teeth were included in the study. All selected patients had consent for using their data.The data of the patients included in the study were analyzed.(Baseline (BL) and follow-up (T1( first month) , T3 (third month), T6 (sixth month)) clinical data including periodontal evaluations (gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index, pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession), papilla-associated recordings (alveolar crest-interdental contact point (AC-IC), alveolar crest-papilla tip (AC-PT), papilla tip-interdental contact point (PT-IC), papilla height loss (PHL), interdental tissue stroke (ITS) and papilla presence index (PPI)) and patient satisfaction were analyzed.)
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology Department
Ankara, Sıhhiye, Turkey (Türkiye)
Alveolar crest-Interdental contact point (AC-IC mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and interdental contact point was reported as AC-IC . (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Alveolar crest-Interdental contact point (AC-IC mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and interdental contact point was reported as AC-IC . (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Alveolar crest-Interdental contact point (AC-IC mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and interdental contact point was reported as AC-IC . (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Alveolar crest-Interdental contact point (AC-IC mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and interdental contact point was reported as AC-IC . (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Alveolar crest-Papilla tip (AC-PT mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as AC-PT. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Alveolar crest-Papilla tip (AC-PT mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as AC-PT. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Alveolar crest-Papilla tip (AC-PT mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as AC-PT. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Alveolar crest-Papilla tip (AC-PT mm)
Crestal bone height was measured after administering local anesthesia for each mesiofacial or distofacial test site. UNC-15(HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA) periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally in the gingival sulcus in a corono - apical direction which was parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The probe was advanced apically until it contacted the crest of the alveolar bone. The distance between the crestal bone and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as AC-PT. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Papilla tip-Interdental contact point (PT-IC mm)
the periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally. The distance between interdental contact point and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as PT-IC. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Papilla tip-Interdental contact point (PT-IC mm)
the periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally. The distance between interdental contact point and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as PT-IC. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Papilla tip-Interdental contact point (PT-IC mm)
the periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally. The distance between interdental contact point and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as PT-IC. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Papilla tip-Interdental contact point (PT-IC mm)
the periodontal probe was positioned inter-proximally. The distance between interdental contact point and the tip of the interdental papilla was reported as PT-IC. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Papilla Height Loss (PHL)(Nordland and Tarnow classification system)
Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Nordland and Tarnow's classification system The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Normal:Interdental papilla fills embrasure space to the apical extent of the interdental contact point/area. Class-I. The tip of the interdental papilla lies between the interdental contact point and the most coronal extent of the inter proximal CEJ (the cemento-enamel junction) (space present but inter proximal CEJ is not visible) Class-II.The tip of the interdental papilla lies at or apical to the interproximal CEJ but coronal to the apical extent of the facial CEJ(interproximal CEJ visible) Class-III.The tip of the interdental papilla lies level with or apical to the facial CEJ
Time frame: baseline
Papilla Height Loss (PHL)(Nordland and Tarnow classification system)
Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Nordland and Tarnow's classification system The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Normal:Interdental papilla fills embrasure space to the apical extent of the interdental contact point/area. Class-I. The tip of the interdental papilla lies between the interdental contact point and the most coronal extent of the inter proximal CEJ (the cemento-enamel junction) (space present but inter proximal CEJ is not visible) Class-II.The tip of the interdental papilla lies at or apical to the interproximal CEJ but coronal to the apical extent of the facial CEJ(interproximal CEJ visible) Class-III.The tip of the interdental papilla lies level with or apical to the facial CEJ
Time frame: T1:1st month
Papilla Height Loss (PHL)(Nordland and Tarnow classification system)
Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Nordland and Tarnow's classification system The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Normal:Interdental papilla fills embrasure space to the apical extent of the interdental contact point/area. Class-I. The tip of the interdental papilla lies between the interdental contact point and the most coronal extent of the inter proximal CEJ (the cemento-enamel junction) (space present but inter proximal CEJ is not visible) Class-II.The tip of the interdental papilla lies at or apical to the interproximal CEJ but coronal to the apical extent of the facial CEJ(interproximal CEJ visible) Class-III.The tip of the interdental papilla lies level with or apical to the facial CEJ
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Papilla Height Loss (PHL)(Nordland and Tarnow classification system)
Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Nordland and Tarnow's classification system The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Normal:Interdental papilla fills embrasure space to the apical extent of the interdental contact point/area. Class-I. The tip of the interdental papilla lies between the interdental contact point and the most coronal extent of the inter proximal CEJ (the cemento-enamel junction) (space present but inter proximal CEJ is not visible) Class-II.The tip of the interdental papilla lies at or apical to the interproximal CEJ but coronal to the apical extent of the facial CEJ(interproximal CEJ visible) Class-III.The tip of the interdental papilla lies level with or apical to the facial CEJ
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Interdental Tissue Stroke (ITS) (Jemt's classification system)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Jemt's classification system Score 0: No papilla is present Score 1: Less than half of the height of the papilla is present Score 2: Half or more of the height of the papilla is present Score 3: The papilla fills up the entire proximal space
Time frame: baseline
Interdental Tissue Stroke (ITS) (Jemt's classification system)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Jemt's classification system Score 0: No papilla is present Score 1: Less than half of the height of the papilla is present Score 2: Half or more of the height of the papilla is present Score 3: The papilla fills up the entire proximal space
Time frame: T1:1st month
Interdental Tissue Stroke (ITS) (Jemt's classification system)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Jemt's classification system Score 0: No papilla is present Score 1: Less than half of the height of the papilla is present Score 2: Half or more of the height of the papilla is present Score 3: The papilla fills up the entire proximal space
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Interdental Tissue Stroke (ITS) (Jemt's classification system)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. Each interdental papilla was scored as 0-3 based upon Jemt's classification system Score 0: No papilla is present Score 1: Less than half of the height of the papilla is present Score 2: Half or more of the height of the papilla is present Score 3: The papilla fills up the entire proximal space
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Papilla presence index (PPI) (by Cardaropoli et al.)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. PPI 1: the papilla is completely present and coronally extends to the contact point to completely fill the interproximal embrasure. PPI 2: the papilla is no longer completely present and lies apical to the contact point. But the interproximal CEJ (iCEJ) is still not visible. PPI 3: the papilla is moved more apical and iCEJ becomes visible. PPI 4: the papilla lies apcal to both iCEJ and buccal CEJ. Each interdental papilla was scored as 1-3 based upon PPI.
Time frame: baseline
Papilla presence index (PPI) (by Cardaropoli et al.)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. PPI 1: the papilla is completely present and coronally extends to the contact point to completely fill the interproximal embrasure. PPI 2: the papilla is no longer completely present and lies apical to the contact point. But the interproximal CEJ (iCEJ) is still not visible. PPI 3: the papilla is moved more apical and iCEJ becomes visible. PPI 4: the papilla lies apcal to both iCEJ and buccal CEJ. Each interdental papilla was scored as 1-3 based upon PPI.
Time frame: T1:1st month
Papilla presence index (PPI) (by Cardaropoli et al.)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. PPI 1: the papilla is completely present and coronally extends to the contact point to completely fill the interproximal embrasure. PPI 2: the papilla is no longer completely present and lies apical to the contact point. But the interproximal CEJ (iCEJ) is still not visible. PPI 3: the papilla is moved more apical and iCEJ becomes visible. PPI 4: the papilla lies apcal to both iCEJ and buccal CEJ. Each interdental papilla was scored as 1-3 based upon PPI.
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Papilla presence index (PPI) (by Cardaropoli et al.)
The following scores were assigned to the papilla at baseline, T1,T3 and T6. PPI 1: the papilla is completely present and coronally extends to the contact point to completely fill the interproximal embrasure. PPI 2: the papilla is no longer completely present and lies apical to the contact point. But the interproximal CEJ (iCEJ) is still not visible. PPI 3: the papilla is moved more apical and iCEJ becomes visible. PPI 4: the papilla lies apcal to both iCEJ and buccal CEJ. Each interdental papilla was scored as 1-3 based upon PPI.
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Gingival index (GI) ( by Löe & Silness 1963)
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. The GI uses the following scoring system: 0 = normal gingiva 1. = mild inflammation: slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = moderate inflammation: redness, edema, and glazing, or bleeding on probing 3. = severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, tendency toward spontaneous bleeding, ulceration The GI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: baseline
Gingival index (GI) ( by Löe & Silness 1963)
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. The GI uses the following scoring system: 0 = normal gingiva 1. = mild inflammation: slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = moderate inflammation: redness, edema, and glazing, or bleeding on probing 3. = severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, tendency toward spontaneous bleeding, ulceration The GI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: T1:1st month
Gingival index (GI) ( by Löe & Silness 1963)
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. The GI uses the following scoring system: 0 = normal gingiva 1. = mild inflammation: slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = moderate inflammation: redness, edema, and glazing, or bleeding on probing 3. = severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, tendency toward spontaneous bleeding, ulceration The GI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Gingival index (GI) ( by Löe & Silness 1963)
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. The GI uses the following scoring system: 0 = normal gingiva 1. = mild inflammation: slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = moderate inflammation: redness, edema, and glazing, or bleeding on probing 3. = severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, tendency toward spontaneous bleeding, ulceration The GI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Gingival recession (GR-mm)
The distance between buccal CEJ and the most coronal extent marginal gingiva was reported as GR. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Gingival recession (GR-mm)
The distance between buccal CEJ and the most coronal extent marginal gingiva was reported as GR. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Gingival recession (GR-mm)
The distance between buccal CEJ and the most coronal extent marginal gingiva was reported as GR. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Gingival recession (GR-mm)
The distance between buccal CEJ and the most coronal extent marginal gingiva was reported as GR. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Keratinized tissue width (KTW-mm)
It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva. The distance between the most coronal extent free gingiva in buccal and the most coronal extent mucogingival junction was reported as KTW. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Keratinized tissue width (KTW-mm)
It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva. The distance between the most coronal extent free gingiva in buccal and the most coronal extent mucogingival junction was reported as KTW. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Keratinized tissue width (KTW-mm)
It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva. The distance between the most coronal extent free gingiva in buccal and the most coronal extent mucogingival junction was reported as KTW. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Keratinized tissue width (KTW-mm)
It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva. The distance between the most coronal extent free gingiva in buccal and the most coronal extent mucogingival junction was reported as KTW. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Pocket depth (PD-mm)
Periodontal probe was positioned in the gingival sulcus . The distance between the top of the free gingiva and the bottom of the sulcus was reported as PD. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: baseline
Pocket depth (PD-mm)
Periodontal probe was positioned in the gingival sulcus . The distance between the top of the free gingiva and the bottom of the sulcus was reported as PD. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T1:1st month
Pocket depth (PD-mm)
Periodontal probe was positioned in the gingival sulcus . The distance between the top of the free gingiva and the bottom of the sulcus was reported as PD. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Pocket depth (PD-mm)
Periodontal probe was positioned in the gingival sulcus . The distance between the top of the free gingiva and the bottom of the sulcus was reported as PD. (measurements are in millimeters)
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Plaque index (PI) (by Silness & Löe 1964 )
0- No plaque 1. -A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface. 2. -Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. 3. -Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. The PI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: baseline
Plaque index (PI) (by Silness & Löe 1964 )
0- No plaque 1. -A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface. 2. -Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. 3. -Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. The PI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: T1:1st month
Plaque index (PI) (by Silness & Löe 1964 )
0- No plaque 1. -A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface. 2. -Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. 3. -Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. The PI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Plaque index (PI) (by Silness & Löe 1964 )
0- No plaque 1. -A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface. 2. -Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. 3. -Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. The PI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined.
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Papillary Bleeding Index(PBI) (by Saxer & Muhlemann 1975)
The PBI has proven to be particularly useful for assessing inflammation in the interdental papillae by recording bleeding on probing in the interdental areas during the course of treatment. Grade 0- no bleeding, normal papilla Grade 1- 20-30 seconds after probing the mesial and distal sulcus with a periodontal probe, a single bleeding point is observed. Grade 2- A fine line of blood or several bleeding points become visible at the gingival margin. Grade 3- Triangle The interdental triangle becomes more or less filled with blood Grade 4- Immediately after probing, blood flows into the interdental area to cover portions of the tooth and/or gingiva The PBI is calculated by dividing the bleeding number by the total number of papilla examined.
Time frame: baseline
Papillary Bleeding Index(PBI) (by Saxer & Muhlemann 1975)
The PBI has proven to be particularly useful for assessing inflammation in the interdental papillae by recording bleeding on probing in the interdental areas during the course of treatment. Grade 0- no bleeding, normal papilla Grade 1- 20-30 seconds after probing the mesial and distal sulcus with a periodontal probe, a single bleeding point is observed. Grade 2- A fine line of blood or several bleeding points become visible at the gingival margin. Grade 3- Triangle The interdental triangle becomes more or less filled with blood Grade 4- Immediately after probing, blood flows into the interdental area to cover portions of the tooth and/or gingiva The PBI is calculated by dividing the bleeding number by the total number of papilla examined.
Time frame: T1:1st month
Papillary Bleeding Index(PBI) (by Saxer & Muhlemann 1975)
The PBI has proven to be particularly useful for assessing inflammation in the interdental papillae by recording bleeding on probing in the interdental areas during the course of treatment. Grade 0- no bleeding, normal papilla Grade 1- 20-30 seconds after probing the mesial and distal sulcus with a periodontal probe, a single bleeding point is observed. Grade 2- A fine line of blood or several bleeding points become visible at the gingival margin. Grade 3- Triangle The interdental triangle becomes more or less filled with blood Grade 4- Immediately after probing, blood flows into the interdental area to cover portions of the tooth and/or gingiva The PBI is calculated by dividing the bleeding number by the total number of papilla examined.
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Papillary Bleeding Index(PBI) (by Saxer & Muhlemann 1975)
The PBI has proven to be particularly useful for assessing inflammation in the interdental papillae by recording bleeding on probing in the interdental areas during the course of treatment. Grade 0- no bleeding, normal papilla Grade 1- 20-30 seconds after probing the mesial and distal sulcus with a periodontal probe, a single bleeding point is observed. Grade 2- A fine line of blood or several bleeding points become visible at the gingival margin. Grade 3- Triangle The interdental triangle becomes more or less filled with blood Grade 4- Immediately after probing, blood flows into the interdental area to cover portions of the tooth and/or gingiva The PBI is calculated by dividing the bleeding number by the total number of papilla examined.
Time frame: T6: 6th month
Patient-based variables
Evaluation was made using the Visual Analog Scale( VAS- 0-10). The experienced pain values, the aesthetic expectations , The gained aesthetics / difficulty variables. these three criteria were evaluated together ( patient satisfaction )
Time frame: T1:1st month
Patient-based variables
Evaluation was made using the Visual Analog Scale( VAS- 0-10). The experienced pain values, the aesthetic expectations , The gained aesthetics / difficulty variables. these three criteria were evaluated together ( patient satisfaction )
Time frame: T3:3rd month
Patient-based variables
Evaluation was made using the Visual Analog Scale( VAS- 0-10). The experienced pain values, the aesthetic expectations , The gained aesthetics / difficulty variables. these three criteria were evaluated together ( patient satisfaction )
Time frame: T6: 6th month