The aim of this study is to compare the effects of two different exercise programs in patients with frozen shoulders.
After being informed about the study, all patients giving written informed and meet the inclusion criteria will be randomized a double-blind manner in a 1:1 (participant and investigator) to graded motor imagery or exercise group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
Graded Motor Imagery program will be performed two times a week for six consecutive weeks and will include the following three steps: laterality training, imagined movements, and mirror therapy. 1. Right-left discrimination training (lateralization training) 2. Imagination of hand movements (motor imagery): 3. Mirror therapy Treatments including traditional physiotherapy approaches; joint mobilizations, stretching, scapula focused exercises etc.
Treatments including traditional physiotherapy approaches; joint mobilizations, stretching, scapula focused exercises etc.
İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Change from baseline The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index at 6th and 8th week
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was developed to measure current shoulder pain and disability in an outpatient setting. The SPADI contains 13 items that assess two domains; a 5-item subscale that measures pain and an 8-item subscale that measures disability.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
Change from baseline NPRS at 6th and 8th week
The Numerical Rating Scale (NPRS-11) is an 11-point scale for self-report of pain. It is the most commonly used unidimensional pain scale. The respondent selects a whole number (integers 0-10) that best reflects the intensity (or other quality if requested of his/her pain.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
Change from baseline range of motion at 6th and 8th week
Range of motion is the capability of a joint to go through its complete spectrum of movements.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
Change from baseline QuickDASH at 6th and 8th week
The purpose of the QuickDASH is to use 11 items to measure physical function and symptoms in people with any or multiple musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
Change from baseline two-point discrimination at 6th and 8th week
The two-point discrimination test is used to assess if the patient is able to identify two close points on a small area of skin, and how fine the ability to discriminate this are. It is a measure of tactile agnosia, or the inability to recognize these two points despite intact cutaneous sensation and proprioception.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
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Change from Pain Catastrophizing Scale at 6th and 8th week
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report measure designed to assess catastrophic thinking related to pain among adults with or without chronic pain.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week
Change from SF-12 at 6th and 8th week
The SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. It is often used as a quality of life measure.
Time frame: Baseline,6th week and 8th week