Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a City Hospital Care Network for the Care of Patients With Transient Ischemic Accident (TIA)

Overview

Transient ischemic accidents (TIA) are a frequent resort to hospitalization in the emergency department and are serious events in terms of recurrence and handicap. The organization of the "TIA sector" at CHUGA aims to facilitate on the one hand the care of the patient during his hospitalization in the emergencies and on the other hand to allow a safer discharge of the patient as well as his follow-up in ambulatory. The aim of this study is to study the feasibility of comprehensive short-term outpatient management after hospitalization in the emergencies. The research hypothesis is that 90% of patients complete all of the 10 recommended examinations for the diagnosis of TIA, analysis of its risk factors and initiation of necessary treatments, if necessary.

Current knowledge on pathology Transient ischemic accidents (TIA) are a frequent resort to hospitalization in the emergency department (378 visits in 2019 to the CHUGA emergencies, 340 in 2020, or about 1 entry for this reason per day) and are serious events in terms of recurrence and handicap. The risk of Cerebral Vascular Accident (stroke) is around 10% at 3 months after the first episode of TIA \[1\]. Standardizing care and improving patient compliance with treatment and monitoring of their pathology aims to reduce the recurrence and the occurrence of more serious consequences. In 2021, the Northern Alpine Emergency Network (RENAU) published standardized care for all hospitals and clinics dependent on this network, based on the French recommendations of the Haute Autorité de Santé and the French Neurovascular Society (SFNV). This care was put in place at the Emergency Department of the CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA) in the form of an "TIA program" and defines the patient's journey when he presents signs compatible with the suspicion of TIA. In addition to being based on national and regional recommendations, this sector has been improved by providing a questionnaire to all Neuro-Vascular Units (NVU) in France. The organization of the "TIA sector" at CHUGA aims to facilitate on the one hand the care of the patient during his hospitalization in the emergency room and on the other hand to allow a safer discharge of the patient as well as his follow-up in ambulatory. For example, a Parisian study, carried out at the Bichat hospital \[2\], showed that a standardized treatment pathway for TIAs was linked to a reduction of more than 30% in the risk of stroke 3 months after the TIA. On arrival at the Emergency Department, in the event of any suggestive signs, the patient is included in the "TIA sector". He is examined as quickly as possible by an emergency physician and / or the neurologist on call. A predefined biology is taken and an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed. The patient undergoes a brain imaging test. Depending on availability, two imaging modalities are possible: brain CT-scan without injection followed by Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks during the week during working hours, or a CT angiography with visualization of the supra-aortic trunks at night, on weekends and on holidays. Finally, the patient benefits from close monitoring. Depending on the clinical evaluation and the examinations carried out, the neurologist based in the Emergency Department, in agreement with the emergency physician, decides on the continuation of the treatment (hospitalization / come back home, drug treatment). The criteria for hospitalization are generally represented by the discovery of a cardiac arrhythmia, an abnormality in the brain imaging or supra-aortic trunks, repeated TIAs, a significant duration of symptoms or a history and important cardiovascular risk factors. If the patient does not present criteria for hospitalization, a return home is offered. For 56% of patients at the CHUGA in 2019 and 62% in 2020, outpatient care was decided. These are the patients that interest us in this study. When discharging from the emergency room, the "outpatient" treatment route is relatively heavy. Treatment will eventually be initiated and the patient will have outpatient examinations as well as schedule several consultations. The patient must in particular schedule a consultation with a cardiologist (to perform a Holter ECG and a cardiac ultrasound), carry out several additional examinations including a brain MRI and laboratory tests and schedule a follow-up with a neurologist and his attending physician. . The aim of this study is to study the feasibility of comprehensive short-term outpatient management after hospitalization in the emergencies. We want to assess the proper performance of all the examinations prescribed from the Emergency Department, the taking of the prescribed treatment, the patient's understanding of his pathology and his feelings about his care. Patient management is not affected by this study. Depending on the results, we will be able to target if certain elements are not feasible and thus improve the sector or even distribute it to other centers, in particular via the RENAU. It is a single-center prospective descriptive epidemiological study conducted at the CHUGA within the Emergency Department. Research hypotheses and expected results The research hypothesis is that 90% of patients complete all of the 10 recommended examinations for the diagnosis of TIA, analysis of its risk factors and initiation of necessary treatments, if necessary. This percentage is arbitrary because no such study on the subject has yet been published. This high rate seems relevant to us to reflect the proper functioning of the sector.