Median Effective Dose of Remifentanil for the Prevention of Pain Caused by the Injection of Rocuronium

Yangzhou University70 enrolled

Overview

As a medium-and long-term non-depolarizing muscle relaxant, rocuronium has the advantages of quick effect, no histamine release and accumulation and no obvious cardiovascular adverse reactions, so it has been widely used in clinical anesthesia induction. However, when given intravenously, rocuronium can cause adverse reactions such as injection pain and limb retraction, which can lead to needle prolapse, extravasation of injection drugs, swelling of injection site, serious induction delay, and cardiovascular adverse events in severe cases. Remifentanil is a synthetic opioid drug hydrolyzed by esterase. Compared with other opioid drugs, remifentanil has the advantages of quick effect, short half-life and short time of hemodynamic changes, so it is an ideal analgesic in clinical anesthesia. In this study, in order to provide clinical references, sequential method was used to find the median effective dose (ED50) by means of pre-intravenous injection of Remifentanil to suppress pain in rocuronium injection.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Rocuronium Injection Pain

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 80 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Ages ranged from 18 to 80. 2. ASA # or # level. Exclusion Criteria: * Allergy or contraindication to remifentanil or rocuronium; required for Central venipuncture catheterization; * Abnormal liver or kidney function; * Heavy drinking and long-term use of sedatives, analgesics or anti-anxiety drugs; * Hearing and language impairment; * Peripheral vascular disease; * Severe cardiovascular disease or neurological disorders; * Failure of one-time peripheral venipuncture; * Infection of hand or wrist skin.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

The appearance of intravenous injection pain Yes or No

Yes or No

Time frame: an average of 2 minutes

Secondary Outcomes

The levels of intravenous injection pain

The intravenous injection pain in this study was divided into the following 5 levels according to its severity: level 0: After repeated questioning, the patient did not feel any abnormal sensation; level 1: upon inquiry, the patient felt swelling at the intravenous injection site; Level 2: Upon inquiry, the patient felt pain and had no body movement reaction (facial pain expression, arm withdrawal, tears, etc.); Level 3: Upon inquiry, the patient had pain and body movement reaction. Or complain of pain without inquiry; Level 4: the patient has a strong reaction and body movement reaction. Level 2 and above is defined as injection pain.