Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) is a new virus that emerged in December 2019 and spread quickly all over the world. Problems such as hypoxia, dyspnea, increased fatigue, decreased exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength occur in COVID-19 patients.In addition, abnormalities in skeletal muscles due to systemic inflammation, mechanical ventilation, sedation and prolonged bed rest in hospital and intensive care patients cause decreased exercise capacity.
Dyspnea is one of the most common long-term symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It has been determined that dyspnea that persists three and six months after hospital discharge is associated with peak oxygen consumption in hospitalized and discharged COVID-19 patients, while peak oxygen consumption decreases in patients with dyspnea. Inspiratory muscle training may be an effective treatment modality in the treatment of dyspnea in patients with dyspnea after COVID-19. The effects of inspiratory muscle training have been investigated in different lung diseases. In these studies, inspiratory muscle training increased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and decreased fatigue and dyspnea. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on oxygen consumption, muscle oxygenation, physical activity level, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, peripheral muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue and quality of life in patients with COVID-19. Primary outcome measurement will be oxygen consumption (cardiopulmonary exercise test). Secondary outcome will be muscle oxygenation (Moxy device), physical activity level (multi sensor activity device), pulmonary function (spirometer), functional exercise capacity (six-minute walk test), respiratory (mouth pressure device) and peripheral muscle (hand-held dynamometer) strength, inspiratory muscle endurance (incremental threshold loading test), functional status (Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale), dyspnea (London Chest Daily Living Activity Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and quality of life (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
40
Patients in the training group will receive inspiratory muscle training with the PowerBreathe® (inspiratory muscle training device) at 50% of the maximal inspiratory pressure. Patients in the training group inspiratory muscle training will be given 2 sets of 15 minutes a day for a total of 30 minutes/per day or a single session for 30 minutes/week, 7 days/week for a total of 8 weeks. Patients in the training group will be given respiratory muscle strength training with a home program 6 days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist 1 day a week.
Control group will be given breathing exercises 120 times/day, 7days/week, for 8 weeks as home program. Control group will be followed-up by telephone once a week
Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Oxygen Consumption
Cardiopulmonary Exercises Test
Time frame: First Day
Respiratory Muscle Strength
Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures expressing respiratory muscle strength were measured using a portable mouth pressure measuring device according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria.
Time frame: Second day
Respiratory Muscle Endurance
Incremental threshold loading test
Time frame: Second day
Peripheral Muscle Strength
Hand held dynamometer
Time frame: Second day
Functional exercise capacity
6 minute walking test
Time frame: Second day
Fatigue Severity
Fatigue Severity Scale (Turkish version) - Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is a self-reported questionnaire. FSS evaluates patient's fatigue severity. This questionnaire includes 9 items and score range for each item from 1 to 7 point (7-point Likert scale). Fatigue Severity Scale score is calculates by deriving an arithmetic mean. Cut-scores of over 4 are indicative of significant fatigue (higher scores show more severe fatigue).
Time frame: First day
Respiratory Associated Quality of Life (respiratory)
St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (Turkish version) (respiratory) - St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a self-reported questionnaire. SGRQ evaluates patients' respiratory disease associated quality of life. This questionnaire includes 2 part (part one is about symptoms (one subsection) and part two is about activity (seven subsection)) and 50 items. Some items scored as Likert scale and others scored as dichotomous (true/false).
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Time frame: First day
Dyspnea
London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL): LCADL evaluates the limitation to perform activities of daily living by dyspnea and looks at four domains: selfcare, domestic, physical and leisure. It is composed of 15 items, which are scored by the patient as follows: 0 (I do not perform this activity because I never had to do it or it is irrelevant), 1 (I do not feel any breathless when performing this activity), 2 (I feel moderate breathless when performing this activity), 3 (I feel a lot of breathless in doing this activity), 4 (I cannot perform this activity due to breathless and I have no one who can do the activity for me) or 5 (I cannot perform this activity anymore and I need someone to do it for me or help me because of breathless).
Time frame: First Time
Muscle oxygenation
Moxy® monitor
Time frame: First and second day
Physical Activity Level
Multi sensor activity monitor
Time frame: Second Day