This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of wearable activity trackers with self-regulatory techniques for promoting physical activity (PA) in older adults. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the impact of a multicomponent PA intervention on life satisfaction, happiness, eudaimonic well-being, and depressive symptoms, reflecting different dimensions of psychological well-being, in older adults.
Fifty-nine participants living in retirement communities were voluntarily assigned to a 12-week multi-component PA intervention program or an attention control group. Participants in the intervention group were asked to take three 45-min supervised group exercise lessons per week and wear wearable activity trackers during the weekdays for 12 weeks. Four components of psychological well-being were assessed at baseline and the end of the intervention including life satisfaction, happiness, eudaimonic well-being, and depressive symptoms. The intervention effect on each component of psychological well-being was analyzed using linear mixed models after controlling for potential confounders. Participants' experiences of using the wearable activity tracker were assessed after the 12-week intervention through an 8-item questionnaire and individual interviews
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
59
The intervention group attended three 45-min group exercise lessons per week and wore a Fitbit activity tracker during the weekdays for 12 weeks combined with weekly feedback and personalized activity goals.
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Baseline Depression
Depression was measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory on a 4-point Likert scale. The level of depressive symptoms was reflected by summing the responses of the ten items, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline (the week before the intervention)
Baseline Happiness
Happiness was measured using the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The mean score of all items was calculated to indicate the level of happiness with higher scores indicating greater happiness.
Time frame: Baseline (the week before the intervention)
Baseline Life Satisfaction
Life satisfaction was measured using the 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The sum of all items provides a composite score, with higher scores representing higher levels of life satisfaction.
Time frame: Baseline (the week before the intervention)
Baseline Eudaimonic Well-Being
Eudaimonic well-being was assessed using the 18-item Psychological Well-Being Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. An overall score was computed by averaging the scores of all items. Higher scores indicate higher levels of eudaimonic well-being.
Time frame: Baseline (the week before the intervention)
Posttest Depression
Depression was measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory on a 4-point Likert scale. The level of depressive symptoms was reflected by summing the responses of the ten items, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention)
Posttest Happiness
Happiness was measured using the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The mean score of all items was calculated to indicate the level of happiness with higher scores indicating greater happiness.
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Time frame: Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention)
Posttest Life Satisfaction
Life satisfaction was measured using the 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The sum of all items provides a composite score, with higher scores representing higher levels of life satisfaction.
Time frame: Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention)
Posttest Eudaimonic Well-Being
Eudaimonic well-being was assessed using the 18-item Psychological Well-Being Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. An overall score was computed by averaging the scores of all items. Higher scores indicate higher levels of eudaimonic well-being.
Time frame: Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention)