Introduction: Stress experienced during pregnancy can increase fear of childbirth, cause negative perinatal outcomes, and adversely affect the maternal-infant attachment process. This study was conducted to determine the effect of haptonomy applied to pregnant women on perceived stress, fear of childbirth, and prenatal attachment. Methods: The population of the randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 72 primiparous pregnant women within the gestational weeks 22-28 who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of a state hospital in Turkey for check-up (36 experimental subjects, 36 control subjects).
Background: Stress experienced during pregnancy can increase fear of childbirth, cause negative perinatal outcomes, and adversely affect the maternal-infant attachment process. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of haptonomy applied to pregnant women on perceived stress, fear of childbirth, and prenatal attachment. Methods: The population of the randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 72 primiparous pregnant women within the gestational weeks 22-28 who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of a state hospital in Turkey for check-up (36 experimental subjects, 36 control subjects). A home visit was made to the experimental group, and haptonomy was applied for at least 30 minutes, once a week, for 7 weeks (with the researcher for 3 weeks, with the husband by providing the training brochure and video that will help the practice for the next 4 weeks). The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were collected at the first, third, and seventh weeks using the Pregnancy Description form, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A), and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). Number and percentage distribution, chi-square test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures, two-way analysis of variance, Friedman test, and Cohen d test were used in the evaluation of the data.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Haptonomy, as a field dealing with emotional contact through touch, describe the relationship between parents and the unborn baby.
Sukran Ertekin Pinar
Sivas, Turkey (Türkiye)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a validated, The scale consists of 10 items, each item receives 1,2,3,4,5 points in turn and is evaluated over total score. Total score ranges from 10-50, and an increase in the score indicates an increase in perceived stress level.
Time frame: Baseline
Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A)
The W-DEQ-A is a validated,to determine the level of birth fear experienced by pregnant women.Answers in the scale are numbered from 0 to 5 and are in a six-point Likert type. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the maximum score is 165.
Time frame: Baseline
Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI)
The PSS is a validated, explain thoughts, feelings, and situations experienced by woman during pregnancy and to determine the level of attachment to infant in prenatal period. Each item is of a four-point Likert type, with a score between 1 and 4. A minimum score of 21 and a maximum score of 84 can be obtained from the scale. Increase in the score obtained by pregnant indicates that level of attachment also increases.
Time frame: Baseline
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a validated, The scale consists of 10 items, each item receives 1,2,3,4,5 points in turn and is evaluated over total score. Total score ranges from 10-50, and an increase in the score indicates an increase in perceived stress level.
Time frame: Week 3
Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A)
The W-DEQ-A is a validated,to determine the level of birth fear experienced by pregnant women.Answers in the scale are numbered from 0 to 5 and are in a six-point Likert type. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the maximum score is 165.
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Enrollment
72
Time frame: Week 3
Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI)
The PSS is a validated, explain thoughts, feelings, and situations experienced by woman during pregnancy and to determine the level of attachment to infant in prenatal period. Each item is of a four-point Likert type, with a score between 1 and 4. A minimum score of 21 and a maximum score of 84 can be obtained from the scale. Increase in the score obtained by pregnant indicates that level of attachment also increases.
Time frame: Week 3