This randomized-controlled trial aims to investigate the efficacy of cross-education on function, pain, and range of motion, muscle strength and quality of life in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Fifty voluntary patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, aged between 35-64 years will be randomly divided into two groups: Cross-education group and standard rehabilitation group. Interventions will be applied for 16 sessions (twice a week for 8 weeks). The patients will be assessed at baseline, at the end of the 8-week intervention and 1-month follow-up. The pain on activity, at rest and at night will be assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Active range of motion will be assessed with a digital goniometer. Isometric muscle strength will be measured with a handheld dynamometer. The functional status will be evaluated by Constant-Murley Score (CMS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score. Health-related quality of life will be assessed with Short Form-12 (SF-12). The Global Rating of Change will be used to evaluate patient satisfaction.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
50
The strengthening exercises for rotator cuff muscles will be performed in the contralateral side of the affected side.
The standard exercise program, which prepared according to The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists' consensus statement on rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, will be applied.
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
Istanbul, Bakırkoy, Turkey (Türkiye)
Constant-Murley Score
The functional level will be assessed by the Constant Murley Score, which is a 100-point scale consisting of 15 points for pain, 20 points for daily activities, 40 points for pain-free range of motion, and 25 points for strength. High scores are positively correlated with the increased functional level. While pain and activities of daily living are evaluated by the patient, range of motion and strength are evaluated by the clinician.
Time frame: Baseline
Constant-Murley Score
The functional level will be assessed by the Constant Murley Score, which is a 100-point scale consisting of 15 points for pain, 20 points for daily activities, 40 points for pain-free range of motion, and 25 points for strength. High scores are positively correlated with the increased functional level. While pain and activities of daily living are evaluated by the patient, range of motion and strength are evaluated by the clinician.
Time frame: At the end of 8-week intervention
Constant-Murley Score
The functional level will be assessed by the Constant Murley Score, which is a 100-point scale consisting of 15 points for pain, 20 points for daily activities, 40 points for pain-free range of motion, and 25 points for strength. High scores are positively correlated with the increased functional level. While pain and activities of daily living are evaluated by the patient, range of motion and strength are evaluated by the clinician.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
Visual Analogue Scale
Pain intensity will be measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The participants will be asked to indicate their perceived pain at rest, during activity and at night on the 10 cm line between no pain and terrible pain. The score will be determined by measuring the distance on 10 cm line using a ruler. The higher scores indicate an higher level of pain.
Time frame: Baseline
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Visual Analogue Scale
Pain intensity will be measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The participants will be asked to indicate their perceived pain at rest, during activity and at night on the 10 cm line between no pain and terrible pain. The score will be determined by measuring the distance on 10 cm line using a ruler. The higher scores indicate an higher level of pain.
Time frame: At the end of 8-week intervention
Visual Analogue Scale
Pain intensity will be measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The participants will be asked to indicate their perceived pain at rest, during activity and at night on the 10 cm line between no pain and terrible pain. The score will be determined by measuring the distance on 10 cm line using a ruler. The higher scores indicate an higher level of pain.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
Active Range of Motion Assessment
The shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation range of motion will be measured described by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) using a digital goniometer. The process will be repeated three times in each direction, with the average value recorded.
Time frame: Baseline
Active Range of Motion Assessment
The shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation range of motion will be measured described by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) using a digital goniometer. The process will be repeated three times in each direction, with the average value recorded.
Time frame: At the end of the 8-week intervention
Active Range of Motion Assessment
The shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation range of motion will be measured described by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) using a digital goniometer. The process will be repeated three times in each direction, with the average value recorded.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
Muscle Strength
Isometric muscle strength will be measured with a handheld dynamometer for shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation. The process will be repeated three times in each direction, with the average value recorded.
Time frame: At the end of the 8-week intervention
Muscle Strength
Isometric muscle strength will be measured with a handheld dynamometer for shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation. The process will be repeated three times in each direction, with the average value recorded.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score
The functional level will be measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), which is created by the Society of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons to facilitate standardization of outcome measures and to promote multicenter trials in shoulder and elbow surgery. This score contains a physician-rated and patient-rated section. The total score - 100 maximum points - is weighted 50% for pain and 50% for function.
Time frame: Baseline
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score
The functional level will be measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), which is created by the Society of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons to facilitate standardization of outcome measures and to promote multicenter trials in shoulder and elbow surgery. This score contains a physician-rated and patient-rated section. The total score - 100 maximum points - is weighted 50% for pain and 50% for function.
Time frame: At the end of the 8-week intervention
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score
The functional level will be measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), which is created by the Society of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons to facilitate standardization of outcome measures and to promote multicenter trials in shoulder and elbow surgery. This score contains a physician-rated and patient-rated section. The total score - 100 maximum points - is weighted 50% for pain and 50% for function.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
Short Form-12
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. It is often used as a quality of life measure.
Time frame: Baseline
Short Form-12
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. It is often used as a quality of life measure.
Time frame: At the end of the 8-week intervention
Short Form-12
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. It is often used as a quality of life measure.
Time frame: 1-month follow-up after intervention
Global Rating of Change
Patient satisfaction regarding improvement in shoulder function will be assessed by the Global Rating of Change (GRC) scale. The patients will be asked to rate their condition after a 8-week intervention period compared to baseline by indicating whether they have improved significantly, improved slightly, unchanged, deteriorated slightly, or deteriorated significantly in this study.
Time frame: At the end of the 8-week intervention