The corona crisis has a negative impact on the mental wellbeing of the Dutch population. Positive psychology exercises (PPOs) can potentially improve mental well-being and reduce mild and moderate psychological complaints. Previous research has shown moderate to large effects of PPOs on well-being in people with reduced wellbeing and psychological symptoms at baseline. The University of Twente developed an app (Training in Positivity; TiP) based on an effective intervention. The goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of TiP in the general population in people experiencing reduced mental wellbeing as a result of the corona crisis. People using the app will be compared to a waiting list control group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
250
The University of Twente developed an evidence-based positive psychology app that is aimed at increasing mental well-being and resilience (Training in positivity; TiP). TiP consists of a 3-week structured intervention, in which participants do two exercises every week for 6 days, aimed at increasing resilience and mental well-being. An exercise takes an average of 15 minutes per day.
University of Twente
Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
Mental well-being
Mental well-being measured with the 14-item Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate more mental well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline mental well-being at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2).
Ability to adapt
Measured with the 10-item Generic sense of ability to adapt scale. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 10 to 50. Higher scores indicate more ability to adapt.
Time frame: Change from baseline ability to adapt at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
General self-efficacy
Measured with the 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate more general self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change from baseline general self-efficacy at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Savoring
Measured with the 24-item Savoring Beliefs inventory. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores indicate more savoring.
Time frame: Change from baseline savoring at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Self-compassion
Measured with the 8-item self-reassurance subscale of the Forms of self-criticising/attacking \& self-reassuring scale. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate more self-compassion.
Time frame: Change from baseline self-compassion at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Positive reframing
Measured with 2 items of the positive reframing subscale of the Coping Orientations and Problems Experienced inventory. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 4. Higher scores indicate more positive reframing.
Time frame: Change from baseline positive reframing at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Anxiety symptoms
Measured with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline anxiety symptoms at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Depression symptoms
Measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more depression symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline ability to adapt at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
Spiritual well-being
Measured with the 7-item Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List-Short Form. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate more spiritual well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline spiritual well-being at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2)
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