A First in Human Evaluation of a Novel Approach to Painless Cardioversion (NAPC) in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Inclusion Criteria: * Subject must be ≥ 18 years or older * Male of female * Subject has documented paroxysmal, or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) with a history of less than one-year duration * Must be in AF at time of surgery, or inducible using manual or electrical stimulation * Subject is willing and able to provide written informed consent * Subject has a life expectancy of at least 1 yearExclusion Criteria: Exclusion Criteria: • Long-standing AF (duration \> 1 year) * Prior AF ablation * Left main coronary artery occlusion \> 70% * Critical aortic stenosis (gradient \> 50mm HG) * Inability to induce patient into AF without drugs at time of surgery * Female subjects who are pregnant at time of surgery * Subjects with a medical condition or comorbidity that could adversely impact study participation, safety or conduct of the study * Permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator * Current cancer treatment that includes radiation of the heart * Inability to give informed consent * Significant intra-cardiac thrombus * Subjects not eligible for or considered high risk for anticoagulation