The Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density With Respiratory Functions and Exercise Capacity

Overview

If the bone mineral density of a patient with a diagnosis of osteopenia falls further, he develops osteoporosis.Menopause causes many changes in women's bodies in the form of vasomotor, sleep disorders, fatigue, aches and pains, altered cognitive functions, as well as genitourinary problems such as vaginal dryness, irritation, recurrent urinary tract infections. In the long term, inevitable changes occur in the musculoskeletal system. Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, postural dysfunction, regression in gait cycle, Loss of balance control and instability and increased risk of falling are the changes reported during this period. These mentioned effects negatively affect the quality of life of women. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of bone mineral density with respiratory functions and exercise capacity in postmenopausal women.The second aim is to compare the respiratory functions and exercise capacities of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.

The 1993 Consensus Development Conference paper defined osteoporosis as ''a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and consequent increased risk of fracture.In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) established criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) that allowed the diagnosis of osteoporosis before fractures. This practical definition is based on the main (known) risk factor: reduced bone strength or density and people at high risk but without fractures.Premenopausal women have a low rate of osteoporosis; however, the prevalence increases with age due to progressive bone loss.Bone densitometry is an established method for evaluating osteoporosis. Various different methods have been developed in the last 25 years. DEXA is recommended and FDA approved for BMD measurement; It is precise, noninvasive, has low radiation exposure and takes 10 minutes to administer. Osteoporosis can have a significant impact on patients' daily lives. Vertebral deformity causes loss of spinal mobility, and patients with osteoporosis have difficulty standing, bending over, getting up from a chair, walking, carrying objects, dressing, fixing hair, bathing, moving in bed, using the toilet, and descending to the floor. Compared with women without existing vertebral deformities, women with extensive deformities have higher crude mortality and hospitalization rates overall.Osteoporosis deprives older women of many of their social roles. Failure to fulfill roles such as cooking, housework, work, and intimacy can be devastating, leading to frustration and embarrassment. Interpersonal relationships can be deeply affected by the effects of osteoporosis, straining family ties and destroying extra-familial relationships, leading to social isolation. Therefore, treatment options should be well evaluated because affected individuals should focus not only on bone remodeling, but also on ways in which negative outcomes such as pain, depression and loss of self-esteem can be improved. Considering all these situations, we asked the question whether there is any relationship between bone mineral density and respiratory functions and exercise capacity. In order to evaluate these parameters, we decided to examine the patient's detailed demographic information, posture evaluation according to the New York Posture Scale, 6-minute walking test result, and Pulmonary Function Test result.