The objective of this randomized cross-over design was to investigate the fetal well-being and maternal glycemic response to an acute bout of aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with pregnant individuals.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
32
HIIT protocol consisted of 10 one-minute intervals of high-intensity work (i.e., \> 90% HRmax) interspersed with nine one-minute intervals of self-paced active recovery (19-minutes total).
The MICT protocol consisted of 30-minutes of moderate intensity cycling (i.e., 64 - 76% HRmax).
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Flash Glucose Monitor; interstitial Glucose
Measured by a Flash Glucose monitor inserted onto the back of the left tricep
Time frame: 7-days
Fetal Heart Rate
Measured via ultrasound pre and post exercise
Time frame: 3-minutes
Fetal Umbilical Blood Flow
Measured Via ultrasound pre and post exercise
Time frame: 3-minutes
Maternal Heart Rate
Measured via heart rate monitor; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Accelerometer
The investigators will objectively measure physical activity using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of minutes per day spent in various activity levels will be determined.
Time frame: 7-days
Food Log
The investigators will objectively measure nutrients in diet using a seven day food record. This is completed through Food Prodigy/ Food Processor software.
Time frame: 7-days
Perceived rating of perceived exertion
Borg Scale; Ratings from 6 - 20; Rating of six is minimal perceived exertion and rating of 20 is maximal perceived exertion.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Cardiovascular fitness
Graded exercise test to volitional fatigue.
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Time frame: 20-minutes
Cerebral Blood Flow of Posterior cerebral artery
Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise.
Time frame: 40-min
Sleep Quality
The investigators will objectively measure sleep quality using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of hours of sleep per night, time spent awake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings will be determined
Time frame: 7-days
Rating of Perceived Enjoyment (1-10 Scale)
Rating of 1 is the lowest level of perceived enjoyment, rating of 10 is maximal perceived enjoyment
Time frame: 40-minutes
Blood pressure
Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise.
Time frame: 40-min
Cardiac Output
Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise.
Time frame: 40-min
Cerebral blood flow of middle cerebral artery
Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise.
Time frame: 40-minutes
fasted blood sample- sex hormones
Fasted blood samples (\~30ml) will be analyzed for sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone).
Time frame: 5-minutes
Physical Activity Questionnaire
The participants will report physical activity using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (gives metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-hr/week).
Time frame: 5-minutes
Depression rating
Participants will answer a 10-question questionnaire regarding their mood. A score of 10 or higher is indicative of depressive symptoms. The investigators will report the over number of women in each group who have a score of 10+ at the start and end of the intervention.
Time frame: 5-minutes
Respiratory measures - respiratory frequency
Breathing frequency (breaths per minute). Measured using spirometry.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Respiratory measures - tidal volume
Tidal Volume (Liters per breath). Measured using spirometry.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Respiratory measures - oxygen
Oxygen metabolism (% oxygen used per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Respiratory measures - carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide production (% carbon dioxide per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Respiratory measures - lung volume
Total Lung Capacity (Liters). Measured using spirometry.
Time frame: 40-minutes
Fetal Outcome - birth weight
Participants will provide the investigators with birth weight for the infant (grams)
Time frame: within one month postpartum
fetal outcomes- length
Participants will provide the investigators with birth length for the infant (cm)
Time frame: within one month postpartum
fetal outcomes- gestational age
Participants will provide the investigators with gestational age at delivery (weeks)
Time frame: within one month postpartum
maternal outcomes- mode of delivery
Participants will provide the investigators with mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean).
Time frame: within one month postpartum
maternal outcomes- delivery complications
Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any delivery complications.
Time frame: within one month postpartum
maternal outcomes- pregnancy complications
Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia).
Time frame: any time during study
fetal outcomes- NICU
Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding length (days) of admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) if applicable
Time frame: within one month postpartum
maternal outcomes- gestational weight gain
Participants will provide the investigators with the last maternal weight immediately before delivery. This will be used to calculate gestational weight gain (kg; last maternal weight - self reported pre-pregnancy weight).
Time frame: within one month postpartum