Partial Heart Transplantation for Severe Pediatric Semilunar Valve Dysfunction

Inclusion Criteria: * Children less than 2 years of age who are referred for a cardiac operation that involves a primary semilunar valve replacement or children less than 2 years of age who are referred for a cardiac operation involves an initial replacement of a previously placed prior homograft, bioprosthetic, or mechanical valve in the aortic or pulmonary position. * Deemed acceptable for partial heart transplantation based on the standard evaluation process used for orthotopic heart transplantation (see Appendix 1) Insurance approval. * Written informed consent of both parents/guardians; if there is only one parent/guardian, consent from that individual will be adequate. Exclusion Criteria: * Absolute contraindications for orthotopic heart transplantation. * Severe bilateral long segment pulmonary arterial hypoplasia * Bilateral pulmonary vein stenosis * \<34 weeks corrected gestational age * Persistent acidosis with a pH \< 7.1 * Diagnosis of immune deficiency. * Inability for the parent to understand English or Spanish. * Failure to pass the following psychosocial evaluation: * The candidate should reside within 4 hours traveling time from Medical University of South Carolina for a minimum of four to six months post-transplantation to assure careful follow-up * The candidate's family should be capable of long-term supportive care of the child and be able to support the medical needs of the child in follow-up * Parental (custodial) alcohol and/or substance abuse * Documented parental (custodial) child abuse or neglect * Parent (custodian) with cognitive/psychiatric impairment severe enough to limit comprehension of medical regimen * Infectious Disease Exclusion Criteria * Evidence of sepsis * Hepatitis B surface antigenemia * HIV positivity