The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disorder caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and therefore presents a variety of symptoms in the acute phase, such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, chest pain, muscle or joint pain, headache, and nausea. COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory functions of individuals. Although this situation is more difficult in hospitalized patients, it also causes severe effects in individuals who recover with home medication. It is thought that this damage caused by COVID-19 may cause permanent effects on individuals in the long term. During the COVID-19 period, individuals also had to maintain an inactive lifestyle due to quarantine. This decrease in physical activity capacity also causes permanent damage to the respiratory functions of individuals. In addition, studies have focused on this population, as COVID-19 usually affects older individuals. However, considering that young people are also exposed to the COVID-19 virus, the effect on respiratory functions in these individuals should also be examined. Combined with the available information on pulmonary functions, there is insufficient evidence about extrapulmonary features in post-COVID-19 patients who survive mild illness in the long term. It is also necessary to examine whether there is permanent damage to extrapulmonary features such as peripheral muscle strength in these individuals. Therefore, in our study, it is aimed to examine the long-term results of respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and peripheral muscle strength of young individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and recovered from mild disease.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Karabuk University
Karabük, Turkey (Türkiye)
Respiratory Muscle Strength
Maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using portable mouth pressure device.
Time frame: First Day
Pulmonary function (Forced vital capacity (FVC))
Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be made according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. With the device, forced vital capacity (FVC) will be evaluated.
Time frame: First Day
Pulmonary function (Forced vital capacity (FEV1))
Pulmonary function (Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)) \[ Time Frame: First Day \] Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be made according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. With the device, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) will be evaluated.
Time frame: First Day
Pulmonary function (FEV1 / FVC)
Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be made according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. With the device, FEV1 / FVC will be evaluated.
Time frame: First Day
Pulmonary function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%))
Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be made according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. With the device, flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%) will be evaluated.
Time frame: First Day
Pulmonary function (Peak flow rate (PEF))
Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be made according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. With the device, peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated.
Time frame: First Day
Peripheral Muscle Strength
Knee extensor muscle strength using portable hand held dynamometer will be evaluated.
Time frame: Second Day
Peripheral Muscle Strength
Shoulder abductors muscle strength using portable hand held dynamometer will be evaluated.
Time frame: Second Day
Post-COVID-19 Functional Status
The post-COVID functional status of individuals recovering from COVID-19 will be evaluated with the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS). A minimum of 0 (no functional limitations) and a maximum of 5 (death) points are taken from this scale, and as the score increases, the functional status worsens.
Time frame: First Day
Shortness of breath
The Modified Borg Scale will be used to determine dyspnea perception during rest and activity.
Time frame: First Day
Fatigue
The Modified Borg Scale will be used to assess fatigue. The lowest 0 points are "not at all" and the highest 10 points are "very severe" denoting fatigue
Time frame: First Day
Physical Activity
Physical activity levels will be used assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical activity levels are classified as physically inactive (\<600 MET min/week), low physical activity level (600-3000 MET min/week), and adequate physical activity level (\>3000 MET min/week).
Time frame: Second Day
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