Breast cancer is the second most common invasive malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is observed in approximately 20% of breast cancers. Trastuzumab provided patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancer a better outcome than chemotherapy alone. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab exert part of their activity based on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells that overexpress HER2 and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Pertuzumab (Perjeta®) is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody and, like trastuzumab, is directed against the extracellular domain of HER2. It differs from trastuzumab because they bind to different domains. Due to their distinct mechanisms of action, the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab, is hypothesized to have complementary roles in treating HER2-overexpressing diseases. Natural killer cells are lymphocytes arising from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. NK cells are identified as CD3-, CD56+ lymphocytes. These cells were identified on the basis of their ability to lyse tumor cells without prior sensitization. NK function is also regulated by cytokines such as IL-2, IL-15, IL-12 and IL-18. Our hypothesis is that the effect of trastuzumab and pertuzumab can be improved by regulating the efficiency of the ADCC activity through the infusion of ex-vivo activated allogenic NK cells. Objetives: Primary: To assess the safety and the tolerability of NK-ACT and trastuzumab/pertuzumab when used in combination. Secondary: To evaluate the initial clinical activity of NK-ACT concomitant with trastuzumab/pertuzumab. Exploratory Objectives: In vivo human NK cell biology: * To describe the mechanisms of action of the combination of ICTP and rastuzumab/pertuzumab. * To assess the biomarkers that might act as indicators of the immunemodulatory effect and anti-tumor activity of the combination.
This is an open label, multi-center, proof of concept, phase Ib trial. A total of 6 patients will be included in the safety lead-in phase. If signs of both clinical and biological activity are seen, and no more than 1 TLT is observed in those first 6 patients, the study will expand with 14 additional patients (expansion phase). Enrollment - 24 months Duration - 35 months During the lead-in phase and the expansion phase, a staggered enrollment will be employed. In the lead-in phase, the subsequent patient will start the treatment after the TLT period completion (28 days) of the previously treated patient. In the expansion cohort, the patients will be dosed successively with a safety monitoring interval of at least 48 hours between the last subcutaneous administration of IL-2 in the previous patient and the first administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide (D-5) in the subsequent patient. Study treatment: Cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 600mg/m2 IV between days -5 and -3 before NK cell infusion. Trastuzumab at a dose of 8mg/kg IV for the loading dose, and 6mg/kg IV for the maintenance dose every 3 weeks (Q3W). Pertuzumab at a dose of 840mg IV for the loading dose, and 420 mg IV for the maintenance dose every 3 weeks (Q3W) NKs at a minimum dose of 5x107 NKc and at a maximum dose limit of 5x108 NKc. IL-2 at a dose of 5x105 UI/m2, on day 2, 4, and 6 after NK infusion.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2
Cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 600mg/m2 IV between days -5 and -3 before NK cell infusion for preconditioning the tumoral microenvironment by reducing the levels of lymphocyte T regulators (Tregs FOXP3+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+).
Trastuzumab at a dose of 8mg/kg IV for the loading dose on Day 1, and 6mg/kg IV for the maintenance dose every 3 weeks (Q3W).
Pertuzumab at a dose of 840mg IV for the loading dose on Day 1, and 420 mg IV for the maintenance dose every 3 weeks (Q3W).
NK product is a cellular investigational product comprising a live cell suspension of allogenic NK cells derived from a compatible donor that will be infused on Day 2.
IL-2 (Proleukin) will be administered on Day 2 (within 24h after NK infusion), 4 and 6 as a subcutaneous dose of 5x105 UI/m2, following the label instructions.
Hospital del Mar
Barcelona, Spain
Vall d'Hebron Hospital
Barcelona, Spain
Nature and frequency of Adverse Events (AE)
Time frame: From baseline through 6 months from the last dose of IL-2 or until the first dose of the next anticancer therapy, whichever occurs first
Nature and frequency of Serious Adverse Events (SAE)
Time frame: From baseline through 6 months from the last dose of IL-2 or until the first dose of the next anticancer therapy, whichever occurs first
Treatment-limiting Toxicity (TLT)
Time frame: From the administration of cyclophosphamide until 28 days after that date.
Alterations in clinical laboratory test results
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, an average of 24 months
Alterations in ECGs results
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, an average of 24 months
Alterations in vital sign measurements
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, an average of 24 months
Alterations in physical examination findings
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, an average of 24 months
Alterations in assessment of ECOG
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, an average of 24 months
Overall Response Rate (ORR) (complete response (CR) and partial response (PR))
Assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v.1.1.
Time frame: From baseline through 6 months from the last dose of IL-2 or until the first dose of the next anticancer therapy, whichever occurs first
Clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + stable disease (SD) at 4-month) assessed by RECIST v.1.1.
Time frame: From baseline through disease progression, assessed up to 24 months after last dose of IL-2
Duration of response (DOR) by RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: From baseline through disease progression, assessed up to 24 months after last dose of IL-2
Progression-free survival (PFS).
Defined as the time from the date of first treatment administration to the date of first documentation of disease progression or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: From baseline through disease progression, assessed up to 24 months after last dose of IL-2
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