The study will monitor changes induced by orthodontic treatment and in the retention period, two years after the end of orthodontic treatment. The alignment of teeth, hygiene and gingiva will be assessed. Efficiency of two types of fixed appliances in active phase will be compared - esthetic and metal. Efficiency of two types of retention appliances in retention phase will be compared - fixed and removable. The benefits of orthodontic treatment to be studied are aesthetic concerns, dental self-confidence, self-esteem, social contacts, psychological influences, and chewing limitation. The stability of personality traits, body image and perfectionism will also be analyzed, as well as the extent to which these dimensions modify the reporting of psychosocial effects of malocclusion treatment.
The aim is to analyze: 1. the extent to which the type of device (metal / aesthetic) affects changes in quality of life (QoL) 2. whether the change in QoL is influenced by personality traits during therapy 3. long-term change in QoL and personality traits (before therapy, during, at the end and in retention for 2 years) 4. whether long-term QoL change is influenced by personality traits 5. dependence of relapse (incidence and intensity) on the type of retention appliance 6. change in QoL and personality trait depending on relapse 7. whether the change in QoL due to relapse is influenced by personality traits
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
120
fixed metal labial orthodontic appliance MBT 0.022'' slot
fixed ceramic labial orthodontic appliance MBT 0.022'' slot
fixed lingual metal retention appliance
removable clear termoplastic retention appliance
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Rijeka, Croatia
irregularity of teeth
Little Irregularity Index - sum of displacement of contact points of frontal teeth (range 0-10 mm), higher score mean worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
patient reported impacts of malocclusion
Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire with 17 aspects, each on 3-point scale (summary score on scale 0-51), higher score mean worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
big five personality traits
Big Five Inventory with 44 statements, each on 5-point scale, grouped into 5 traits: (extroversion (range 8-40), agreeableness (range 9-45), openness (range 10-50), conscientiousness (range 9-45) and neuroticism (range 8-40). higher score mean worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, end of treatment, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
normative orthodontic treatment need
clinically assessed by using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Dental Health Component with 5 grades, range 1=no/minor need - 5=very great need
Time frame: 48 months (start, end of treatment, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
esthetic treatment need
assessed by using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Aesthetic Component with 10 grades, range 1=no need - 10=very great need
Time frame: 48 months (start, end of treatment, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
retainer failure
number of railures of retainer in retention phase, nigher number indicates worse outcome
Time frame: 24 months
limitations of jaw function
Jaw Function Limitation Scale with 6 items on 11-point scale (0=no limitation-10=extreme limitation), average score, higher score indicates worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
self-esteem
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale with 10 items on 5-point scale (1=not at all-5=very much), summary score on scale 5-50, higher score indicates better outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
body image
4 items on 5-point scale (1=not at all-5=very much), total score 4-20, higher score indicates better outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, end of treatment, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
perfectionism
35 items on 5-point scale (1=completely disagree-5=completely agree), range 29 - 145, higher score indicates better outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, end of treatment, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
psychosocial imapcts of dental esthetics
23 items on 5-point scale (0=not at all-4=very much), grouped in 4 dimensions - aesthetic concern (range 0-12), dental self-confidence (range 0-24), social influence (range 0-32), psychological influence (range 0-24)), higher score means worse outcome for psychological influence, social influence and aesthetic concern, while in dental self-confidence higher score indicates better outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
wite spot lesions of enamel
number of teeth with enamel defects, scale 0-32, higher number means worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
oral hygiene
Silness-Loe index and Williams modification for subjects in orthodontic treatment on a scale from 0=no biofilm to 3=a continuous line greater than 1mm, mean of all measurement site is used, range 0-3, higher score means worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
extent of gingivitis
Full Mouth Bleeding Score on a scale 0-100%, higher percentage means worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
gingival enlargement
Seymour index (thickness (scale 0=normal-2=thickening \>=3mm) + proportion of tooth crown coverage (scale 0=normal-3=papilla involving .2/3 of adjacent tooth crown half) on frontal teeth vestibular and oral in both jaws; scale 0-100), higher score means worse outcome
Time frame: 48 months (start, 3 months, 2 years, 1 year retention, 2 years retention)
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