The overall purpose of this research is to understand the reasons why persons with spinal cord injuries eat more calories than they need to "burn", stay alive, and function. This research will investigate how quickly food moves through a participant's body, the hormones in the participant's body that control energy and digestion, and a participant's impressions of hunger after eating a meal. This will be compared in persons with and without a spinal cord injury.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
37
For the first meal, Participants will be fasted for 8 hours and will consume a test meal of 255 calories (120 g egg substitute \[60 kcal\]; 2 slices of bread \[120 kcal\] with 30 g strawberry jam \[75 kcal\]; 72% carbohydrate, 24% protein, 2% fat, and 2% fiber) with 120 mL of water. After five to seven days, participants will be fasted for 10 hours and will consume a second test meal of 510 calories (240 g egg substitute \[120 kcal\]; 4 slices of bread \[240 kcal\] with 60 g strawberry jam \[150 kcal\]; 72% carbohydrate, 24% protein, 2% fat, and 2% fiber) with 240 mL of water.
University of Miami
Miami, Florida, United States
Gastric emptying time
Gastric emptying will be measured by the SmartPill Wireless Motility Capsule
Time frame: Up to seven days
Upper gastrointestinal transit time
Upper gastrointestinal transit time will be measured by the SmartPill Wireless Motility Capsule
Time frame: Up to seven days
Change in postprandial ghrelin
Measured by serum blood samples
Time frame: Before the second test meal (up to 7 days) and up to 120 minutes after the second test meal (up to 7 days).
Change in postprandial peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)
Measured by serum blood samples
Time frame: Before the second test meal (up to 7 days) and up to 120 minutes after the second test meal (up to 7 days).
Change in postprandial cholecystokinin (CKK)
Measured by serum blood samples
Time frame: Before the second test meal (up to 7 days) and up to 120 minutes after the second test meal (up to 7 days).
Change in postprandial Glucagon Peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Measured by serum blood samples
Time frame: Before the second test meal (up to 7 days) and up to 120 minutes after the second test meal (up to 7 days).
Change in subjective appetite rating as measured by Palatability Series Visual Analogue Scale
Change in subjective appetite rating will be measured by Palatability Series Visual Analogue Scale that ranges from 0 mm as "not pleasant" to 100 mm as "extremely pleasant"
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Time frame: Baseline and up to 7 days
Change in subjective appetite rating as measured by Hunger Series Visual Analogue Scale
Change in subjective appetite rating will be measured by Hunger Series Visual Analogue Scale that ranges from 0 mm as "not at all hungry" to 100 mm as "totally/a lot/very hungry".
Time frame: Baseline and up to 7 days
Total percentage body fat
Measured by Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: Baseline