In this study, the investigators will be able to estimate the metabolic cost of several foundational medicine ball training exercises.
Medicine ball training has become a popular cardiovascular training choice in fitness centers and athletic performance enhancement facilities. Despite widespread use and growing popularity, little is known about the metabolic demands of such a training method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the cardiovascular and metabolic cost from various foundational medicine ball exercises in order to contribute to a better planning of exercise programs in the real world. Ten healthy young adults were assigned to execute fourteen bodyweight exercises (acute bout) of which seven exercises will be executed by throwing the medicine ball and seven exercises will be executed without a medicine ball throw. Anthropometric, metabolic, functional capacity and performance measurements were conducted at baseline. The metabolic cost was estimated from heart rate, blood lactate, resting oxygen uptake, exercise oxygen uptake, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption measurements using a portable gas analyzer.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
10
Training exercises with throwing a medicine ball will be performed for 30 seconds and the training volume will be consisted of 1 repetition.
Training exercises without throwing a medicine ball will be performed for 30 seconds and the training volume will be consisted of 1 repetition.
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Exercise Biochemistry and Sports Nutrition, School of Physical Education, Sports Sciences and Dietetics, University of Thessaly
Trikala, Greece
Change in exercise-induced energy expenditure
Exercise energy expenditure (kcal) will be measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system
Time frame: At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after the exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
EPOC (kcal) will be measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system
Time frame: At 1 hour after exercise session (single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in blood lactate concentration (BLa)
BLa (mmol/L) concentration will be measured in a microphotometer with commercially available kits.
Time frame: At pre-exercise and 3 minutes after exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in heart rate
Heart rate (bpm) will be measured with a wearable heart rate monitor
Time frame: At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after ther exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in perceived exertion
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be measured with the Borg scale (0-10)
Time frame: At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after the exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Body weight
Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
Time frame: At baseline
Body height
Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
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Time frame: At baseline
Body mass index (BMI)
BMI will be calculated using the Quetelet's equation
Time frame: At baseline
Waist circumference (WC)
WC (cm) will be measured using a Gullick II tape
Time frame: At baseline
Hip circumference (HC)
HC (cm) will be measured using a Gullick II tape
Time frame: At baseline
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR
WHR will be calculated by dividing the waist by the hip measurement
Time frame: At baseline
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
RMR (kcal) will be measured using a portable open-circuit indirect calorimeter with a ventilated hood system
Time frame: At baseline
Body fat (BF) Body fat (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
BF (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: At baseline
Fat mass (FM)t Body fat (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
FM (kg) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: At baseline
Fat-free mass (FFM)
FFM (kg) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: At baseline
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
VO2max (mL/kg/min) will be assessed by a portable open-circuit spirometry system
Time frame: At baseline
Maximal strength (1RM)
1RM (kg) will be measured bilaterally on a horizontal leg press and seated chest press machine.
Time frame: At baseline
Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance (repetitions) will be measured on a 1-min curl-up and push-up test.
Time frame: At baseline
Functional capacity
Functional capacity will be assessed using a movement-based screening tool titled Functional Movement Screening (FMS). The FMS will be consisted of 7 movement tasks that will be scored from 0 to 3 points and the sum will create score ranging from 0 to 21 points (0 = pain with pattern regardless of quality, 1 = unable to perform pattern, 2 = able to perform pattern with compensation/imperfection, 3 = able to perform pattern as directed)Functional capacity will be assessed using a movement-based screening tool titled Functional Movement Screening (FMS). The FMS will be consisted of 7 movement tasks that will be scored from 0 to 3 points and the sum will create score ranging from 0 to 21 points (0 = pain with pattern regardless of quality, 1 = unable to perform pattern, 2 = able to perform pattern with compensation/imperfection, 3 = able to perform pattern as directed)
Time frame: At baseline