Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Trajectories

For the cognitive trajectory cohort (the data had been collected): Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 65 or over at baseline; 2. With normal cognitive function at baseline (score ≥ 18 on the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE); 3. Had at least one domain information about cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, exercise, diet and smoking) at baseline; 4. Completed cognitive function assessment at least twice during 3 waves following-up after baseline; 5. Provided informed consent voluntarily. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Aged \<65; 2. had a history of dementia or MMSE score \< 18 at baseline; 3. Without more than once cognitive function assessment during the follow-up; 4. Refused to participate the survey. For the neuroimaging sample, who would be enrolled by this study: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 55-80; 2. Right-handed; 3. Primary school education or above, with normal communication ability; 4. No complaints of cognitive impairment or decline; 5. MMSE score ≥ 26; 6. Clinical dementia rating (CDR) =0; 7. Provided informed consent voluntarily. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Severe visual or hearing impairment, difficult to complete cognitive function assessment; 2. Had contraindications to magnetic resonance examination, such as claustrophobia, cardiac pacemaker and artificial heart valve; 3. Had cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris), severe respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, renal failure and other serious physical diseases; 4. Had diseases that could affect cognitive function, such as hypothyroidism, syphilis, vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia; 5. Had a history of any mental disease; 6. Had a history of cerebrovascular disease, or obvious space occupying lesions in the brain revealed by magnetic resonance examination; 7. Refused to participate the survey.