Cesarean section is one of the surgeries most commonly leading to postoperative severe acute pain. It was reported that the mean worst pain intensity reached to 6.14 one day after cesarean section in Germany. Inadequate pain management may result in the cardiorespiratory complications, late recovery, and postoperative chronic pain. According to a series of pain management article published in the Lancent in 2019, the incidence of post-cesarean section chronic pain was 55%, including 12% of severe chronic pain. Extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate, a prodrug of nalbuphine, is a novel analgesic developed in Taiwan and the indication is moderate to severe postoperative pain. After intramuscular injected, dinalbuphine sebacate will be released to blood stream and immediately hydrolyzed. In Taiwan, dinalbuphine sebacate has been used for alleviating pain after several types of surgeries, such as colorectal surgery, orthopaedics, gynecology and obstetrics. However, few post-marketing studies investigated the efficacy and safety of dinalbuphine sebacate.
This is an observational, prospective, single arm study. This study is aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of dinalbuphine sebacate in subjects undergoing cesarean section. Written informed consent are obtained before subjects participate in the study. Eligible subjects will be visited twice daily during stay in hospital. Pain intensity, consumption of analgesics, adverse reaction, and the residues of dinalbuphine sebacate and nalbuphine in milk will all be analyzed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
20
After giving the birth, subjects are intramuscularly injected with a single dose of 150 mg of dinalbuphine sebacate (DS). DS is a prodrug of nalbuphine. After injeciton, DS are released to blood stream and hydrolyzed immediately. The onset of action is 12 to 24 hours and the analgesic effect can last about 5 to 7 days.
Incidence of complication
Analgesic-related complication occurring in the period of hospital stay will be recorded, such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and injection site reaction.
Time frame: Within 5 days after injection of dinalbuphine sebacate
Post-cesarean section pain intensity
Pain intensity is assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) twice daily during stay
Time frame: Within 5 days after delivery
Consumption of analgesics
Analgesics consumed during stay of hospital are recorded.
Time frame: Within 5 days after delivery
Concentration of nalbuphine in breast milk
Dinalbuphine sebacate is a prodrug of nalbuphine. After intramuscular injection, dinalbuphine sebacate are slowly released to blood stream and immediately hydrolyzed. The breast milk is collected twice daily within 5 days after cesarean section, and tested by HPLC.
Time frame: Within 5 days after delivery
Concentration of dinalbuphine sebacate in breast milk
Dinalbuphine sebacate is a prodrug of nalbuphine. After intramuscular injection, dinalbuphine sebacate are slowly released to blood stream and immediately hydrolyzed. The breast milk is collected twice daily within 5 days after cesarean section, and tested by HPLC.
Time frame: Within 5 days after delivery
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