CARTO-Finder Guided Ablation Versus Multiscale Entropy Guided Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18 to 80 years old 2. Persistent AF 3. Nonresponse or intolerance to ≥1 antiarrhythmic drug Exclusion Criteria: 1. With uncontrolled congestive heart failure; 2. Having significant valvular disease; 3. Having moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension; 4. With myocardial infarction or stroke within 6 months of screening; 5. With Significant congenital heart disease; 6. Ejection fraction was \<40% measured by echocardiography; 7. Allergic to contrast media; 8. Contraindication to anticoagulation medications; 9. Severe pulmonary disease e.g. restrictive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive disease (COPD); 10. Left atrial thrombus; 11. Having any contraindication to right or left sided heart catheterization