Effect of Different Water Injection Temperatures on the Safety and Comfort of Patients Undergoing Ultrasound Endoscopy of Small Probes Under Intravenous Anesthesia

Overview

Miniprobe endoscopic ultrasonography (mEUS) is a key diagnostic modality for gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal or submucosal lesions, requiring water infusion to eliminate intraluminal air and improve image clarity. However, the optimal water temperature for sedated mEUS remains uncertain-previous studies suggest water temperature may affect GI peristalsis, haemodynamics, image quality, and patient safety/comfort, but no research has focused on this topic in sedated mEUS. This is a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled study. Eligible patients (≥18 years with GI mucosal/submucosal lesions requiring sedated mEUS) are randomly assigned to three groups based on water temperature: cold water (6-10 °C), warm water (20-24 °C), and hot water (35-39 °C). The primary objectives are to evaluate the effects of different water temperatures on mEUS image quality (standardized scoring) and diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcomes include GI peristaltic grade, haemodynamic indices (measured at 6 time points), adverse events, and patient somatic/psychological feeling, comfort, and satisfaction scores. The study aims to identify the optimal water temperature that reduces GI peristalsis, improves mEUS diagnostic performance, and ensures patient safety and comfort during sedated mEUS, providing evidence for standardized clinical practice.

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Interventions