Beetroot Juice Resistance Training Older Adults

Inclusion Criteria: * Able to provide own transportation to study testing visits and intervention * Able to read and write in English * Nondiabetic, i.e. fasting glucose \< 126 mg/dl * Sedentary (less than 60 minutes of moderate intensity structured physical activity each week and occurs in no more than 10 minute blocks and not participating in a resistance exercise training program) * Willingness to provide informed consent and participate in intervention. Participants with diagnosed depression were permitted to participate provided that they have been medically stable without medication change for at least 3 months. Exclusion Criteria: * Smoking or use of chewing tobacco * Involved in another intervention research study * Diabetic (type 1 or 2) * Atrophic gastritis * Hypo- or hyperthyroidism * Gout or history of kidney stones * History of hypotension * Premenopausal (women) * Aversion to study-related testing procedures * Allergy/sensitivity/aversion to beetroot beverages or protein supplement * Medical conditions with contraindications for engaging in resistance training program or taking the protein supplement * Systemic, uncontrolled diseases (diabetes, recent (last 6 months) or current treatment of cancer, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular disease, COPD, or inflammatory bowel diseases) * Use of any of the following medications: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, nitroglycerin or nitrate preparations, proton pump inhibitors, or medications for hypothyroidism * Potential inability to complete the tasks required for the protocol as well as conditions that may interfere with interpretation of results including: inability to ambulate, severe congestive heart failure or severe cardiovascular disease, neoplasm for practical and neurophysiologic reasons * Individuals with contraindications for performing a graded exercise test or have medical contraindications for participating in a scheduled exercise training program * Individuals more than 300 pounds or less than 125 pounds due to DEXA weight limits and possibility of exceeding recommended daily nitrate dose of 7 mg/kg body weight, respectively.