Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common knee ligament injuries, causing joint instability and impairments. Besides being challenging, this type of injury greatly affects the athlete's passion and wellbeing, and it is associated with several risk factors. Injuries to the ACL are estimated to occur within 80,000 to 250,000 young, active and healthy athletes each year. This cross-sectional observational study aimed at translating, adapting cross-culturally, and investigating the psychometric properties of the Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS) and the Knee Stability in Sports/Cutting-Pivoting Ability (KSS/CPA) scale in Saudi patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. For this study, a convenient sample size of 100 athletes with ACL injuries and healthy participants will be selected from different Saudi hospitals and clubs. Study participants will be informed about the study and a consent form will be obtained before they participate. A number of scales will be used as outcome measures, including the MARS, KSS/CPA scale, Knee Injury, and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm Knee Score, and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form. Internal consistency of both the MARS and KSS/CPA scales will be tested using Cronbach's alpha. A construct's validity will be measured by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Content validity can be determined by examining whether there are floor and ceiling effects. A significance level of 0.05 will be used to determine whether the data is significant. Ultimately, the study will help patients with ACL injuries to make informed decisions about their treatment, empower healthcare professionals to understand patients' concerns, and facilitate research.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
150
Activity Rating Scale, Knee Stability in Sports/Cutting-Pivoting Ability scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm Knee Score, and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form.
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
RECRUITINGArabic version of Marx activity rating scale
The arabic version of Marx activity rating scale measures four activities: running, deceleration, cutting, and pivoting; higher scores indicate an increased frequency of knee-related activities. The frequency of performing these activities in the past 12 months is measured on a five-point scale. Based on the four items, the maximum score is 16 (if they answer "four or more times a week" for all four), and the minimum score is zero. For each item, one point will be awarded for each frequency category, beginning with "one time every month." and if participants answered "less than once a month" for one of the items, they will be awarded zero points; "once in a month," one point; "once a week," two points; etc.
Time frame: 1 minute
Arabic version of knee stability in sports/cutting -pivoting ability scale
The items in the Arabic version of knee stability in sports/cutting -pivoting ability scale are ranked on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with response categories consisting of (A) normal, (B) near-normal, (C) abnormal, (D) severe abnormal, and (E) dysfunctional. knee stability in sports is a scale that emphasizes giving way to sensations and instability in the knees during linear activities (i.e., running in straight lines, accelerating, and decelerating), which involve lower-level motions. The cutting -pivoting ability scale section concerns the frequency, ability, and discomfort of performing pivotal activities. However, the ordinal knee stability in sports/cutting -pivoting ability scale will be converted into continuous variables (A = 100, B = 75, C = 50, D = 25, E = 0) and an overall self-assessment evaluation of knee function (0 = worst, 100 = best) will be recorded.
Time frame: 1 minute
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
There are five subscales with 42 items in the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaire: Pain (9 items), Symptoms (7 items), Activities of Daily Living (17 items), Sport and Recreation (5 items), and Knee-related Quality of Life (QoL4). Each item wil be scored using a Likert scale ranging from 0 (no problem) to 4 (extreme problem). In addition, the subscale items will be rated on a scale of 0 to 100 using the following formula (100\*average of subscale item scores/4\*100), and higher scores indicate better health (100 = no knee problems) while low scores indicate poor health.
Time frame: 3 minutes
Lysholm Knee Score
Eight categories will be measured in the Lysholm Knee Score: instability (25 marks), pain (25 marks), catching (15 marks), stair climbing (10 marks), swelling (10 marks), need for support (5 marks), squatting (5 marks), and limping (5 marks). Each answer to the eight questions counts toward the total score, ranging from 0 to 100. High scores indicate better results and fewer symptoms. Lower scores indicate a problem with knee function.
Time frame: 2 minutes
International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form
There are three main sections in the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, overall consisting of 18 items: (1) symptoms (7 items), including swelling, pain, stiffness, giving way, and locking, (2) sports (1 item), (3) current knee function (9 items), and knee function after a knee injury (1 item) (not included in the overall score). The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form will be calculated by adding the scores of the individual items. The score will be then transformed into an overall score ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating the absence of symptoms and higher levels of functioning. A total score of 100 will be calculated as (sum of items)/ (maximum possible score).
Time frame: 2 minutes
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