This prospective study will analyze the need for deliberate hypotensive anesthesia (DHA) during orthognathic surgery when tranexamic acid (TXA) is administered. DHA has been proven to be effective although it comes with multiple risks related to organ hypoperfusion including kidney injury, stroke, and cardiac ischemia. Therefore, it may be potentially safer for patients to avoid deliberate hypotensive anesthesia if TXA alone adequately controls blood loss and provides adequate surgical site visualization.
Our goal is to enroll 50 patients. Patients will be recruited from Dr. Kinard's regularly scheduled orthognathic cases at UAB Highlands Hospital. The patient will be informed of the study in advance and have consent signed pre-operatively. Patients will be evaluated for the following variables: sex, age, weight at time of surgery, preoperative hemoglobin, and preoperative hematocrit. Patients will be included if they are undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at UAB Highlands Hospital. All patients treated with orthognathic surgery already are provided 1g of TXA perioperatively and this will be continued through this study. All patients will be treated with 1g of TXA perioperatively and the anesthesia team will be instructed to limit deliberate hypotensive anesthesia unless otherwise directed by the surgeon. Perioperative and post-operative measurements will include: estimated blood loss, pre and post-operative hemoglobin, pre and post-operative hematocrit, average mean arterial pressure throughout the case (MAP), maximum MAP (excluding induction and emergence), minimum MAP (excluding induction and emergence), total MAP time under 65 mmHg, length of procedure, and surgeon evaluation of visual field throughout the procedure utilizing Fromme's ordinal scale. Based on these factors, it will help determine the need for deliberate hypotensive anesthesia during orthognathic surgery when tranexamic acid is administered.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
The anesthesia team will be asked to avoid deliberate hypotensive anesthesia and maintain blood pressure closer to the patient's baseline throughout the surgery.
1g of tranexamic acid will be given intravenously to patient undergoing orthognathic surgery as routinely performed about 5-15 minutes before first surgical incision.
UAB Hospital-Highlands
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Surgeon's Analysis of Surgical Field Visualization
The surgeon will evaluate surgical field visibility using Fromme's ordinal scale. Fromme's ordinal scale (often referred to as the Fromme-Boezaart scale) is a 5-point, 0-5 visual grading system used by surgeons to assess the quality of the surgical field, primarily based on bleeding and suction frequency. It measures surgical conditions from 0 (no bleeding, perfectly dry) to 5 (severe bleeding, flooding the field).
Time frame: through surgical procedure, and average of 2 hours
Percentage of Hours to Maintain a Mean Arterial Pressure
Tracking mean arterial pressures throughout surgery, evaluating if patient's blood pressure can be reliably kept around patient's baseline instead of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia.
Time frame: through surgical procedure, and average of 2 hours
Average Volume of Blood Loss on a Scale
Volume of blood loss recorded during surgical case based on the Fromme's scale. Fromme's ordinal scale (often referred to as the Fromme-Boezaart scale) is a 5-point, 0-5 visual grading system used by surgeons to assess the quality of the surgical field, primarily based on bleeding and suction frequency. It measures surgical conditions from 0 (no bleeding, perfectly dry) to 5 (severe bleeding, flooding the field), widely applied in orthognathic, sinus, and spine surgeries to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques like hypotensive anesthesia.
Time frame: through surgical procedure, and average of 2 hours
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
115