Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device of Lower Limbs in Oligohydramnios

Overview

the study will examine the effect of application of intermittent pneumatic pressure device on lower limbs on the amniotic fluid amount and fetal doppler indices in women with oligohydramnios

oligohydramnios is diagnosed based on ultrasonographic finding of amniotic fluid index less than 5 cm. Etiologies of oligohydramnios includes infection with viruses such as rubella, cytomegalo virus or parasites such as toxoplasma. other etiologies includes rupture of membranes or fetal malformatios especially urinary tract anomalies. in addition, placental insuffiency may lead to oligohydramnios and can be diagnosed through abnormal doppler measures in the umbilical and middle cereberal arteries. when these etiologies are excluded oligohydramnios is considered to be idiopathic. The Kendall SCD™ 700 Smart Compression™ Controller is an intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) device which delivers compression to the legs and feet to aid in the prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in at-risk patient. previous studies had shown that intermittent pneumatic compression device may increase cardiac output through preload increase. the study hypothesis that after the application of IPC there will be an improvement in the preload and cardiac which will lead to an increase in placental perfusion and eventually will lead to increase in amniotic fluid amount and improvement in fetal doppler measurement. the study will include women with a diagnosis of idiopathic oligohydramnios between 32-41 weeks and who will agree to participate in the study the diagnosis of idiopathic oligohydramnios is based on ultrasonographic diagnosis of amniotic fluid index of less than 5 cm after exclusion of other etiologies. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is measured by dividing the uterus into four imaginary quadrants. The linea nigra is used to divide the uterus into right and left halves.The umbilicus serves as the dividing point for the upper and lower halves. The transducer is kept parallel to the patient's longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the floor. The deepest, unobstructed, vertical pocket of fluid is measured in each quadrant in centimeters. The four pocket measurements are then added to calculate the AFI. Normal AFI values range from 5 to 25 cm. women with AFI\<5 cm will be diagnosed with oligohydramnios. The amniotic fluid fluid index (AFI) will be measured in centemeters before the application of IPC the IPC device will be applied to the lower limbs for one hour after this a repeated measurement of AFI in centemeters will be performed. additionally, doppler studies will be performed. Pulsed wave high-resolution color doppler uhrasonography will be used to identify and to obtain blood flow velocity waveforms from the following vessels: (1) umbilical artery, from a free loop of theumbilical cord; (2) middle cerebral artery, from the main vessel identified branching from the circle of Willis at the anterior wing of the sphenoid; (3) renal artery, from the vessel identified branching from the abdominal aorta into the hilum of the kidney, and (4) maternal uterine artery, from the vessel branching from the internal iliac artery on the placental side. In all vessels the pulsatility index will be calculated with the mean of at least three consecutive waveforms used for analysis.

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