This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multisensoral nature-based intervention compare to standard care in relieving anxiety, fear and pain in hospitalized child aged 5 to 9 years and parent's anxiety and satisfaction during venous blood sampling. The assessment uses different measures to assess child's anxiety, fear, pain and parent's anxiety and satisfaction during venous blood sampling.
The RCT study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multisensoral nature-based intervention compare to standard care in relieving anxiety, fear and pain in hospitalized child aged 5 to 9 years and parent's anxiety and satisfaction during venous blood sampling. The intervention includes a multi-sensory nature experience using natural materials and a virtually created natural environment. The study will include children and parents in the intervention group (N=53, receiving the multisensoral nature-based intervention) and children and parents in the control group (N=53, receiving usual care). The children's blood sampling will be videotaped. The assessment uses different measures assess to child's anxiety (mYPAS = The modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale), child's fear (CFC = Children Fear Scale), child's pain (FAS = Facial Affective Scale), parent's anxiety (STAY-Y1 = The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and satisfaction (VAS = Visual Analogue Scale) during venous blood sampling. In addition, heart rate (HR) measurement are used to assess the child's anxiety, fear and pain. The data will be analysed using statistical methods.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
53
The intervention includes a multi-sensory nature experience using natural materials and a virtually created natural environment.
Oulu Univeristy
Oulu, Finland
Anxiety measured with mYPAS (the modifield Yale preoperative anxiety scale). An external observer assesses the child's anxiety before blood sampling on video.
The mYPAS (modifield Yale preoperative anxiety scale) was developed for external observers to assess a child's anxiety before blood sampling and is suitable for measuring anxiety in children aged 2-16 years. The Modifield Yale preoperative scale measures the child's activity, voice, emotional expression and parental need (1-4/4, 1-6/6, 1-4/4, 1-4/4 points). Each item is scored separately and the total score is multiplied by 20. The lowest score for child anxiety is 1 and the highest score is 100. The scale has been tested for validity and relational validity (Kain X.N. et al. 1997).
Time frame: Before blood sampling
Fear measured with CFS (Children Fear Scale). Child and parent assessment of fear during blood sampling.
The Children Fear Scale (CFS) is a modified version of the anxiety scale (McKinley et al. 2004). The five-item, gender-neutral, visual face scale measures fear in children aged 5-10 years and can be used during blood sampling. Images are viewed from left to right, from non-fearful faces to very fearful faces (0-4 points). On the Children Fear Scale, unafraid faces score 0 points and very fearful faces score 4 points. The validity and relative validity of the scale have been tested (McMurtry et al. 2011).
Time frame: During blood sampling
Pain measured with FAS (Facial Affective Scale). Child and parent assessment of pain during blood sampling.
The Facial Affective Scale (FAS) (McGrath et al. 1996) measures the intensity of pain in children over 5 years of age and can be used during blood sampling. The Facial Affective Scale assesses a child's pain using nine facial images, presented in order from the happiest face (0.04 points) to the saddest face (0.97 points). A happy face (0.04 points) indicates no pain and a sad face (0.97 points) indicates very painful. The FAS score assesses the child's emotional or affective response to the experience of pain (Nguyen et al. 2010). The scale has been tested for validity and relative validity (Nilsson et al. 2014).
Time frame: During blood sampling
Parent's anxiety with STAI-Y1 (The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Parent self-assessment of own anxiety before blood sampling.
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1) measures an adult's anxiety, tension, fear and worry at the moment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory is a 4-point Likert scale (not at all anxious, number 1, somewhat anxious, number 2, moderately anxious, number 3, and very anxious, number 4) with 20 different questions. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-Y1 measures situational anxiety (Copyright © 1983 by Charles D. Spielberger), in which the parent selects the number that best describes their own feelings at the moment. This study measures parent anxiety before blood sampling. The scale has been tested for validity and relational validity (Nilsson et al. 2014).
Time frame: Before blood sampling
Parent's satisfaction with VAS (A Visual Analogue Scale). Parent self-assessment of own satisfaction after blood sampling.
The VAS (A Visual Analogue Scale) assesses parent satisfaction on a scale of 0-10 after a blood sampling, where 0 means not at all satisfied and 10 means very satisfied.The scale has been tested for validity and relational validity (Abu-Saad 1984).
Time frame: After blood sampling
Child's anxiety, fear and pain with physiological measures: Heart Rate (HR, beats per minute) during blood sampling.
The child's heart rate (HR, beats per minute) was measured during blood sampling.
Time frame: During blood sampling
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