A quasi-experimental study developed in sedentary morbidly obese men and women (age 43.6±11.3 y; body mass index \[BMI\] ≥40 kg/m2) were assigned to a CT group of ET plus RT (ET+RT; n=19; BMI 47.8±16.7) or RT plus ET order group (RT+ET; n=17; BMI 43.0±8.0). Subjects of both groups received eight exercise sessions over four weeks. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure \[MAP\], heart rate at rest \[HR\], and pulse pressure \[PP\] measurements before and after 10 minutes postexercise. Secondary outcomes were other anthropometric, body composition, metabolic, and physical condition parameters. Using the ∆SBP reduction, and quartile categorization (Q) in 'high' (Rs: quartile 4), 'moderate' (MRs: quartile 3), 'low' (LRs: quartile 2), and 'nonresponders' (NRs: quartile 1) were reported.
Independent of the order (i.e., ET+RT, or RT+ET), each CT session had two sections; RT and ET, which were applied two days per week, during 8 sessions (4 weeks), and where the blood pressure changes were measured only in four opportunities (i.e., once a week in sessions 2, 4, 6, and 8). Thus, the CT included in each session 3 stages; a) callisthenics exercises, b) main exercise (ET+RT or RT+ET), and c) cool down exercises. Before the starting, the participants were involved in the maximum strength capacity estimated using a submaximal test based on the Brzycki's equation: weight \[1.0278-(0.0278\*repetitions)\] that does not change based on the sex, age of the population, or the exercise modality that is performed (Mayhew et al., 2004). After this procedure, there were applied 4 familiarization sessions that consisted in; session 1: 'knowledge of all measurements', 'knowledge of exercise-machine manipulation', and 'instructions during the exercise program', session 2: 'exercising during cycling', 'weights, and metal bars', session 3: 'applying a few of exercises of RT in 2 to 3 sets of exercises, to know the configuration of each exercise (i.e., ET and RT regimes itself), and session 4: 'applying the 50 to 70% of their CT program' corresponding to a normal session compound. In the 'calisthenic stage', each subject developed 10 minute warm-up with continuous walking, joint mobility and flexibility exercises. In the 'main part' of the session, and independent of the CT order group (ET+RT or RT+ET), the ET section consisted of continuous cycling using a magnetic resistance static bicycle (OxfordTM Fitness, model BE-2701, Chile) for 20 minutes. The intensity of the ET exercise was regulated through the previously used modified Borg scale from 1 to 10 rating of perceived exertion (Gillen et al., 2013) and the participants worked at a level between 5 to 7 points (i.e., moderate-intensity), considering the original 6 to 20 points scale (Borg, 1998), being the subjects regularly controlled to not exceed this intensity restriction. On the other hand, the RT section included 8 to 12 muscle strength exercises of circuit training with the following different muscle groups: (1) forearm, (2) knee flexors and extensors, (3) trunk, (4) chest, (5) shoulder elevators, (6) horizontal shoulder flexors, (7) extensors, and finally (8) plantar flexors. These exercises were performed in one set in a continuous concentric/eccentric voluntary contraction as possible for 60 seconds, followed by 60 to 90 seconds of passive recovery, where each participant was changed to another exercise. The RT section was of 25 minutes in duration time.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
atag
aetaer
Universidad de La Frontera
Temuco, Chile
Systolic blood pressure measured by a blood pressure cuff
Change from Baseline in systolic blood pressure in the unit of (mmHg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Diastolic blood pressure measured by a blood pressure cuff
Change from Baseline in diastolic blood pressure in the unit of (mmHg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Mean arterial pressure measured by a blood pressure cuff
Change from Baseline in mean arterial blood pressure in the unit of (mmHg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Heart rate at rest measured by a cardiometer watch
Change from Baseline in Heart rate at rest in (beats per minute)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Pulse pressure measured by a blood pressure cuff
Change from Baseline in Pulse pressure in the unit of (mmHg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Body mass measured by a scale
Change from Baseline in Body mass in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Body mass index calculated from weight plus height and elevated to square
Change from Baseline in Body mass index in (kg/m2)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Waist circumference measured by a flexible tape
Change from Baseline in Waist circumference in (cm)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Body fat percentage measured by a digital bioimpedanciometer scale
Change from Baseline in Body fat percentage in (%)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Lean mass measured by a digital bioimpedanciometer scale
Change from Baseline in Body fat percentage in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Skeletal muscle mass measured by a digital bioimpedanciometer scale
Change from Baseline in Skeletal muscle mass in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Bone mass measured by a digital bioimpedanciometer scale
Change from Baseline in Bone mass in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Basal metabolic rate measured by a digital bioimpedanciometer scale
Change from Baseline in Basal metabolic rate in (Kcal)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Fasting plasma glucose measured by blood sample in fasting state
Change from Baseline in Fasting plasma glucose in (mg/dL)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Total cholesterol measured by blood sample in fasting state
Change from Baseline in Total cholesterol in (mg/dL)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Low density lipids measured by blood sample in fasting state
Change from Baseline in Low density lipids in (mg/dL)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
High density lipids measured by blood sample in fasting state
Change from Baseline in High density lipids in (mg/dL)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Triglycerides measured by blood sample in fasting state
Change from Baseline in Triglycerides in (mg/dL)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Six minutes walking test measured by a walking test into a sport court
Change from Baseline in Six minutes walking test in (m)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Handgrip muscle strength of the non-dominant arm measured by a dynamometer hand equipment
Change from Baseline in Handgrip strength in the non-dominant arm measured by dynamometer at sitting position in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
Handgrip strength Dominant arm measured by a dynamometer hand equipment
Change from Baseline in Handgrip strength in the Dominant arm measured by dynamometer at sitting position in (kg)
Time frame: From baseline to 10 minutes after exercise training
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