Incidence and Clinical Burden of Erythropoietin Hyporesponsiveness - a Retrospective Database Analysis

Inclusion Criteria: All patients * Patient has a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease valid between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2021 and is documented in the EuCliD database (incident and prevalent patients) * Patient who is treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) (CKD Stage 5) during the study period * Patient receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, within the data collection period having EuCliD data available for a period of the previous 30 days before Index Date but not strictly limited to patients that enter the study period as ESA naïve patients * Patient having provided consent for secondary use of their data for research purposes * Patient has a known ESA administration route (intravenous/subcutaneous) * Patient with a hemoglobin value available at baseline (+/- 20 days allowed) and at least one valid hemoglobin value afterwards * Patient having at least one body weight value available Hyporesponsive Cohort * Patients meeting the hyporesponsive criteria on at least one occasion. The criteria for ESA hyporesponsive will follow the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, UK (NICE) guidelines: * for epoetin alfa, 300 IU/kg/week or more of subcutaneous epoetin or 450 IU/kg/week or more of intravenous epoetin * for darbepoetin, dose ≥ 1.5 μg/kg per week Responsive Cohort * Patients with all ESA doses lower than those defined by the hyporesponsive criteria Exclusion Criteria: * Patient with evidence of hereditary hemolytic anemia (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision \[ICD-10\] code D58.9) * Patient receiving transplant within 6 months prior to Index Date