The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Project Home Consultation model to improve parent-child interaction, child development, and autism symptomatology in young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in China.
The present multi-center randomized controlled trial will recruit 200 children with ASD aged 18 months to 6 years from 5 hospitals including Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science \& Technology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University and Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2022.8 to 2023.1.Children who meet the inclusion criteria will be stratified by ASD severity, age and gender and randomly assigned (1:1) to either study group or control group. Using the waitlist-control group design, the study group will receive 12 months of Play Project + Parental Education intervention, the control group receive Parental Education intervention in the first 6 months, and then receive Play Project + Parental Education intervention in the next 6 months. Pre-, 6th month and post- assessments for both groups will be conducted, including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-Ⅴ), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) for children; Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) for parents, Maternal Behavior Rating Scale (MBRS) and Pivotal Behavior Rating Scale (PBRS).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
200
PLAY consultants coached caregivers monthly for 12 months to improve caregiver-child interaction using videotape and written feedback within a developmental framework.
Each study center provides welcome course and parent guide for families with ASD children monthly.
Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University
Fuzhou, Fujian, China
RECRUITINGShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
RECRUITINGThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Changes in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-Ⅴ) in ASD children
DSM-5 provides core symptom domain severity levels based on the level of support needed for individual functioning, in addition to specifiers which offer descriptions of common co-occurring non-ASD impairments (i.e., intellectual impairments, language deficits, medical and psychiatric conditions, etc.)
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) in ASD children
ADOS-2 is a standardized diagnostic instrument designed to assess communication, social interaction, play skills, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRB). The ADOS-2 can be used with individuals at a wide range of developmental and language levels: Module 1 for use with children who do not consistently use phrase speech; Module 2 for children who use phrase speech, but are not verbally fluent; Module 3 for verbally fluent children and young adolescents; and Module 4 for verbally fluent older adolescents and adults. The calibrated severity scores (CSS) have been created for Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2), Modules 1-4 as a metric of the relative severity of autism-specific behaviors.
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS) in ASD children
CARS assesses the child on a scale from 1 to 4 in each of 15 dimensions or symptoms. A total score of at least 30 strongly suggests the presence of autism. Children with score between 30 and 36 have mild-to-moderate autism while those with score between 37 and 60 have severe autism.
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in ASD children
The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is one of the standardized screening tools used to identify ASD. It contains 40 questions about reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive/stereotypic behavior. Each yes/no item (scored as 1 or 0, respectively) indicates the presence or absence of developmentally inappropriate behaviors. Scores range between 0 and 33 for individuals without verbal speech and from 0 to 39 for verbal individuals. In addition, higher scores indicate more worrisome behaviors, and a cutoff score of ≥15 points is established as indicating a risk of ASD.
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Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology
Wuhan, Hubei, China
RECRUITINGChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
RECRUITINGTime frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) in ASD children
Developmental and language assessment，A subscale DQ less than 76 points indicates a developmental delay, a quotient between 76 and 85 points is slightly below the threshold for developmental delay, and a quotient greater than or equal to 86 points indicates normal development. Performance in each area was recorded as an equivalent developmental age in months. Developmental quotients were calculated by comparing the children's performance equivalent age and their chronological age at the time of administration (DQ=developmental age / chronological age x 100).
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Pivotal Behavior Rating Scale (PBRS) in ASD children
The PBRS is a key outcome measure of contingent, reciprocal, social interactions. PBRS measures two components of interactive behavior - Attention and Initiation. The child's primary caregiver is asked to play with the child for 7 ½ minutes using a standard set of toys. Independent raters, blind to subject status, review a videotape of the session and score the child's behavior on seven items: attention to activity; persistence (practice/problem solving); involvement (vs. distractibility); cooperation; initiate activities; joint attention; and affect (emotional state during play).
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Changes in Maternal Behavior Rating Scale (MBRS) in the interaction between ASD children and their parents
MBRS is a video rating scale that assesses four Interactive Style Factors including: Responsive/Child Oriented; Affect/Animation; Achievement Orientation; and Directiveness (Aim 1, Outcomes 1-3). Factors are assessed by rating twelve (5 point Likert-scaled) items during a 7 ½ minute video of typical parent-child play with toys.
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)
SPM is an intelligence quotient(IQ) screen to ensure that parents have the cognitive/verbal skills to properly translate information into action. Parents scoring less than 90 will be excluded from the study.
Time frame: baseline
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)
HAMD assesses whether parents have the emotional functionality needed to deliver the intervention. Parents who report being severely depressed will be excluded from the study.
Time frame: baseline
Changes in Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in parents of ASD children
Parenting stress is assessed using the PSI-SF, consists of 36 items.
Time frame: baseline, 6th-months, 12th-months