Discrimination of DILI and AIH by Artificial Intelligence

Inclusion Criteria: * Drug-induced liver injury 1. RUCAM ≥6 and met one of the following biochemical conditions: a.) ALT≥5 ULN, b.) or ALP ≥2 ULN, iii) or ALT≥3 ULN and TBil≥2 ULN. 2. RUCAM was between 3-5, the medical records were further reviewed by the three authors to determine the eligibility. * Autoimmune hepatitis 1. The revised International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) diagnostic score≥6 points. 2. Liver biopsy available, which is compatible with typical features of AIH. 3. If liver biopsy was unavailable, patients who achieved biochemical resolution after sustained immunosuppressive therapy. Exclusion Criteria: * Drug-induced liver injury 1. Hepatotropic viral infection: hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. 2. Non-hepatotropic viral infection: cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), etc. 3. Hypoxic ischemic hepatitis and congestive liver disease. 4. Alcohol consumption: male \>40g/d, female \>20g/d, and ≥5 years. 5. Biliary obstruction, primary biliary cholangitis; primary sclerosing cholangitis. 6. Autoimmune hepatitis. 7. Parasitic infection. 8. Sepsis. 9. Previous liver transplantation or bone marrow transplantation. 10. Pregnancy or lactation. 11. Genetic and metabolic liver diseases. * Autoimmune hepatitis 1. Hepatotropic viral infection: hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. 2. Non-hepatotropic viral infection: cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), etc. 3. Hypoxic ischemic hepatitis and congestive liver disease. 4. Alcohol consumption: male \>40g/d, female \>20g/d, and ≥5 years. 5. Biliary obstruction, primary biliary cholangitis; primary sclerosing cholangitis. 6. Drug-induced liver injury. 7. Parasitic infection. 8. Sepsis. 9. Previous liver transplantation or bone marrow transplantation. 10. Pregnancy or lactation. 11. Genetic and metabolic liver diseases.