In this study the investigators will link brain iron levels obtained from quantitative susceptibility maps of HD patients with specific and well-known clinical CSF markers for iron accumulation, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The relationship between iron accumulation and neuroinflammation, and the clinical and genetic characteristics of HD will be investigated. This will provide an important basis for the evaluation of brain iron levels as an imaging biomarker for disease state in HD and their relationship with the salient pathomechanisms of the disease.
This investigator-initiated, single-site cross-sectional study looks at iron accumulation using 7T MR-imaging, CSF and blood. This will be achieved in a two-day visit involving clinical assessments, MRI-scanning of the brain, followed by a lumbar puncture the next day, after overnight fasting. Sixty-five volunteers with HD and 25 volunteers without HD will be included. Of these 65 volunteers with HD, 25 will be premanifest, 20 early manifest and 20 moderate manifest, in order to cover the wide-spectrum of Huntington's Disease.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
90
MRI-scanning of the brain using a 7T-MRI scanner
CSF is collected by doing a lumbar puncture
Blood is collected by doing a blood withdrawal
Leiden University Medical Centre
Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands
RECRUITINGQuantified Susceptibility Mapping
MRI analysis to quantify iron accumulation
Time frame: At baseline
Iron in CSF
Amount of iron and ferritin measured in CSF
Time frame: At baseline
Iron in blood
Amount of iron and ferritin measured in blood
Time frame: At baseline
Clinical motor signs
Motor signs obtained using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale - Total Motor Score. This is a scale assessing motor symptoms of HD, ranging from a score of 0 to 124, where higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: At baseline
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF
a.o. * NFL: pg/mL * CHIT1: pg/mL * IL-6: pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF
\- YKL-40: ng/mL
Time frame: Baseline
Cognitive score
Assessment of cognitive tests.
Time frame: At baseline
Neuropsychiatric symptoms
Assessment of short Problem Behaviour Assessment. Each symptom is rated for severity on a 5-point scale : 0 = "not at all"; 1 = trivial; 2 = mild; 3 = moderate (disrupting everyday activities) and 4 = severe or intolerable. Each symptom is also scored for frequency on a 5-point scale as follows: 0 = symptom absent; 1 = less than once weekly; 2 = at least once a week; 3 = most days (up to and including some part of everyday); and 4 = all day, every day. Severity and frequency scores are multiplied to produce an overall 'PBA score' for each symptom.
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UHDRS-Total motor score, UHDRS-short problem behaviour assessment, UHDRS-Cognitive assessments
Time frame: At baseline