Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common chronic liver disease. Considering that there are no approved pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modification is necessary and challenging to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with NAFLD. Cigarette smoking has a significant negative impact on public health, causing more than 480,000 deaths each year. Smoking has been reported as a risk factor for NAFLD and might accelerate liver disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with NAFLD quit smoking. However, smoking cessation could be complicated by weight gain. Thus, it is important to assess the impact of weight change after smoking cessation on patients with NAFLD. Proper management of post-cessation weight could maximize its health benefits. In this large-scale cohort study, the investigators aimed to assess the effects of smoking cessation and subsequent weight change on risks of incident T2DM in individuals with NAFLD.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
12,941
Ningbo first hospital
Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Weight Change after smoking cessation on incident T2DM in NAFLD individuals
The investigators used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of weight change during smoking cessation with the incidence of T2DM. The investigators did not find any evidence of violation of the proportional hazard assumption. In multivariable models, the investigators constructed three nested models for analysis: (i) model 1 adjusted for age, and body mass index; (ii) model 2, model 1 plus drinking status; (iii) model 3, model 2 plus aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, creatinine, albumin, and systolic blood pressure.
Time frame: a 7-year cohort study
Weight Change after smoking cessation on incident T2DM in NAFLD-free individuals
The investigators used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of weight change during smoking cessation with the incidence of T2DM. The investigators did not find any evidence of violation of the proportional hazard assumption. In multivariable models, the investigators constructed three nested models for analysis: (i) model 1 adjusted for age, and body mass index; (ii) model 2, model 1 plus drinking status; (iii) model 3, model 2 plus aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, creatinine, albumin, and systolic blood pressure.
Time frame: a 7-year cohort study
Mediation analysis of smoking relapse on incident T2DM
The investigators conducted a mediation analysis to assess whether the association between smoking status and NAFLD was mediated by smoking relapse.
Time frame: a 7-year cohort study
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.