The objective of this study is to review the results of annual radiation doses received by interventional cardiologists and radiologists in France. The results of this study will allow the improvement of classification of interventional cardiology and radiology activities and procedures to help define radiation dose constraints for occupational exposure, according to the number and types of procedures performed. The study is based on the hypothesis that some specialties in interventional cardiology (cardiology or rythmology procedures) and in interventional radiology (vascular, neuroradiology, osteoarticular) and some types of procedures present greater exposure risks for interventional cardiologists and radiologists. It is expected that the annual radiation dose limits for workers can be exceeded if good practices for both patient and worker radiation protection are not applied. Also, dosimetry equipment used to detect radiation dose although provided to the workers are not systematically worn by the physician during the procedure . The study is likely to show that for an equivalent speciality and number of procedures per type of act, the correct use of collective and personal radiation protection equipment (préciser) will lower occupational radiation exposure of physician . Similarly, for an equivalent activity and number of procedures per type of act , a trained physician would have a lower occupational exposure than an untrained physician. The physician's radiation exposure should therefore increase with a greater number of procedures per type of procedure performed and as the radiation dose delivered to the patient increase. Finally, there would be a different correlation between patient's radiation dose and physician's exposure depending on specialty, procedures, modality, experience and availability and use of collective and personal radiation protection equipment.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
200
Dosimetric monitoring of workers Information retrieved from passive dosimeters results from the years 2019, 2020 and 2021
CHU de Nîmes
Nîmes, France
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for effective dose for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2019
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for effective dose for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2020
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for effective dose for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2021
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the skin for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2019
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the skin for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2020
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the skin for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2021
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the lens of the eye for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2019
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the lens of the eye for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2020
Annual occupational radiation exposure levels for equivalent doses to the lens of the eye for interventional cardiologists and radiologists according to their specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mSv
Time frame: 2021
Availability and frequency of use for each passive dosimeter
Yes/no for each passive dosimeter (whole body, extremities, lens) 4 categories: worn systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Availability and frequency of use for each passive dosimeter
Yes/no for each passive dosimeter (whole body, extremities, lens) 4 categories: worn systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Availability and frequency of use for each passive dosimeter
Yes/no for each passive dosimeter (whole body, extremities, lens) 4 categories: worn systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
High and low radiation protection equipment availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
High and low radiation protection equipment availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
High and low radiation protection equipment availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
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Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
High radiation protection alone (ceiling suspension) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
High radiation protection alone (ceiling suspension) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
High radiation protection alone (ceiling suspension) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Low radiation protection alone (windscreen) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Low radiation protection alone (windscreen) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Low radiation protection alone (windscreen) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Radioprotective sterile fields (e.g. RADPAD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Radioprotective sterile fields (e.g. RADPAD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Radioprotective sterile fields (e.g. RADPAD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Arm support systems with a radioprotection (e.g. STARBOARD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Arm support systems with a radioprotection (e.g. STARBOARD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Arm support systems with a radioprotection (e.g. STARBOARD) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Lead apron or vests and skirts availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Lead apron or vests and skirts availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Lead apron or vests and skirts availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Leaded collars or thyroid protectors availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Leaded collars or thyroid protectors availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Leaded collars or thyroid protectors availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Leaded sleeves (handle) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019,
Leaded sleeves (handle) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Leaded sleeves (handle) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Leaded eye protection (glasses, over-glasses or visors) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019, 2020 and 2021
Leaded eye protection (glasses, over-glasses or visors) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Leaded eye protection (glasses, over-glasses or visors) availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Gloves use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Leaded head caps availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2019
Leaded head caps availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2020
Leaded head caps availability and use by interventional physicians according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Yes/no; classed as used systematically (100% of the time), often (\> 50% of the time), infrequently (\<50% of the time) or never (not worn) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Time frame: 2021
Patient radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2019,
Patient radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2020
Patient radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2021
Worker radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2019
Worker radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2020
Worker radiation protection training status according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Up-to-date/needs renewing/never completed
Time frame: 2021
Physician exposure according to total number of procedures
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2019
Physician exposure according to total number of procedures
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2020
Physician exposure according to total number of procedures
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2021
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by type of specialty
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2019
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by type of specialty
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2020
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by type of specialty
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2021
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by modality
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2219
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by modality
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2020
Physician exposure according to number of procedures by modality
mSv: Information taken from Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System
Time frame: 2021
Relationships between the whole body, extremity and lens radiation exposures and the Dose Area Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Gy.cm²
Time frame: 2019
Relationships between the whole body, extremity and lens radiation exposures and the Dose Area Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Gy.cm²
Time frame: 2020
Relationships between the whole body, extremity and lens radiation exposures and the Dose Area Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
Gy.cm²
Time frame: 2021
Relationships between whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Air Kerma at the interventional reference point patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy
Time frame: 2019
Relationships between whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Air Kerma at the interventional reference point patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy
Time frame: 2020
Relationships between whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Air Kerma at the interventional reference point patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy
Time frame: 2021
Relationships between the physician's whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Dose Length Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy.cm
Time frame: 2019
Relationships between the physician's whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Dose Length Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy.cm
Time frame: 2020
Relationships between the physician's whole body, extremity and lens exposures and the Dose Length Product patient dosimetric indicator per physician (dosimetric indicators) according to specialty, activity and type of procedures performed
mGy.cm
Time frame: 2021