The goal of the proposed study, is to adapt a positive emotion intervention for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) caregivers into a self-guided online format that incorporates social connection components and adaptive system feedback mechanisms to promote intervention adherence. Previous tests of the facilitated version of the program, called SAGE-LEAF (Social Augmentation to self-Guided Electronic delivery of the Life Enhancing Activities for Family caregivers), have shown efficacy for improving well-being in dementia caregivers. If effective, the SAGE-LEAF program can be disseminated to Alzheimer's caregivers nationwide through AD treatment and research centers.
The prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other dementias is steadily climbing and predicted to affect as many as 16 million Americans by 2050. In 2016, 59% of dementia caregivers reported experiencing high levels of emotional and physical stress, and the risk that the chronic stress of dementia caregiving places on caregivers for developing a range of physical and mental health issues is extensively documented. Caregiving-related stress contributes to social isolation, loneliness, and physical illness and increases the risk of caregiver death. Interventions for dementia caregivers have primarily focused on reducing negative emotions and burden. However, over the past few decades, it has become clear that positive emotions are uniquely related to better psychological and physical well-being, independent of the effects of negative emotion suggesting that an intervention that specifically targets positive emotion holds promise for improving caregiver well-being and, ultimately, quality of care for the individual living with AD. The investigators' recent randomized trial of the positive emotion skills intervention, delivered by trained facilitators via the web in N = 170 family caregivers of people with dementia resulted in significant improvements in caregiver psychological well being. However, facilitator-delivered interventions are costly and difficult to implement with fidelity on a large scale. Furthermore, a major challenge to advancing behavioral interventions delivered by trained facilitators is assuring fidelity. The investigators have developed a self-guided online version of the intervention that has shown feasibility and acceptability in several samples, but this version does not capture the critical social connection aspects of the facilitator-delivered intervention. The investigators propose to take the next step toward closing the science-to-practice gap for the positive emotion regulation intervention by tailoring the self-guided online version specifically for dementia caregivers that incorporates the social connection components to combat the loneliness and isolation experienced by many Alzheimer's caregivers. The intervention, called SAGE-LEAF (Social Augmentation of self-Guided Electronic delivery of the Life Enhancing Activities for Family caregivers), leverages the lessons learned from the original LEAF project and adapts its positive emotion intervention to AD caregivers in a self-guided format while incorporating social connection components and adaptive system feedback mechanisms to promote intervention adherence.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
15
SAGE LEAF covers 8 skills and each skill has related home-practice activities that "unlock" every week. Each week will consist of 1-2 days of didactic material and 5-6 days of real-life home practice. Participants can access the skills at their own leisure and as often as they'd like within that week. Participants cannot skip modules with didactic material and can only progress to the next lesson if they have completed the current one. However, participants can return to old lessons or exercises if they choose to do so at a later time.
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Percentage of Skill Pages in SAGE-LEAF Accessed by a Participant
This is to measure adherence to SAGE-LEAF intervention. Score range: 0-100%. A higher percentage means better adherence to the SAGE-LEAF intervention.
Time frame: Post-study (week 6)
Willingness to Recommend SAGE-LEAF to Other AD Caregivers
This is to measure the acceptability of SAGE-LEAF. Score range: 1-10. A higher score indicates higher acceptability.
Time frame: Post-study (week 6)
System Usability Scale
This is to measure the usability of SAGE-LEAF. Score range: 0-100. A higher score indicates better usability.
Time frame: Post-study (week 6)
Zarit Burden Interview
Measuring caregiving burden. Score range: 0-88. Higher scores indicate greater burden.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale - Time
Measuring caregiving burden in terms of time. Score range: 1-5. Higher scores indicate higher levels of caregiver burden.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale - Difficulty
Measuring caregiving burden in terms of difficulty. Score range: 1-5. Higher scores indicate higher levels of caregiver burden.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale
Measuring positive aspects to caregiving for dementia patients. Score range: 5-45. Higher scores indicate better caregivers' outlook on life and self-affirmations.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Role Captivity Sub-scale of Caregiver Reaction Assessment
Measuring role captivity in caregiving. Score 1-4. Higher scores indicate stronger feelings of role captivity.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Overload Sub-scale of Caregiver Reaction Assessment
Measuring the feeling of overload in caregiving. Score 1-4. Higher scores indicate stronger feelings of overload.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Caregiving Mastery Subscale of the Caregiving Appraisal Measure
Measuring caregiving mastery. Score range: 1-5. Higher scores indicate better caregiving mastery.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale
Measuring perceived stress. Score range: 0-40. Higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Positive Affect in Differential Emotions Scale
Measuring positive emotions. Score range: 1-5. Higher scores indicate higher levels of positive emotions.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Negative Affect in Differential Emotions Scale
Measuring positive emotions. Score range: 1-5. Higher scores indicate higher levels of negative emotions.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Depression
Measuring depression level. Score range: 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher depression levels.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Anxiety
Measuring anxiety level. Score range: 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Sleep Disturbance
Measuring sleep disturbance level. Score range: 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of sleep disturbance.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Meaning and Purpose
Measuring one's sense of life having purpose and that there are good reasons for living. Score range: 20-80. Higher scores indicate hopefulness, optimism, goal-directedness, and feelings that one's life is worthy.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Social Isolation
Measuring perceptions of being avoided, excluded, detached, disconnected from, or unknown by, others. Score range: 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of perception of social isolation.
Time frame: Pre-study and post-study (week 6)
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