An Open, Single Center, Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of UCB (Cord Blood) in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Overview

In recent years, the curative effect of AML has been greatly improved. However, 20% - 30% of young patients and 40% - 50% of old patients will relapse again. Its re induction response rate is low, the survival period is short, and the prognosis is very poor. At present, there is no standard treatment scheme. Although a small number of patients can benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT), most patients lack suitable donors. The choice of high-dose chemotherapy is a rescue treatment scheme, but the treatment-related hematology or non hematology related toxicity and high mortality make the scheme controversial, especially for the elderly. Some studies have proposed a new treatment method combining chemotherapy with peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell infusion after mobilization of HLA mismatched donors. Preliminary clinical studies verified that after more than 70 cases of elderly acute myeloid leukemia were treated with microtransplantation, the complete remission rate reached 80%, the 2-year disease-free survival rate reached 39%, the early mortality rate was only 6.7%, and the median recovery time of neutrophils and platelets was 11 and 14.5 days, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group of chemotherapy alone. After that, the micro transplantation technology was extended to the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and lymphoma, and good results were also obtained. Compared with peripheral blood / bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cells have the advantages of rapid access, convenient source, no harm to donors, and low requirements for HLA matching. The immune cells in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells are mostly Na ï ve and immature immune cells, so the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after unrelated cord blood transplantation are low, which not only reduces the failure of transplantation due to GVHD, but also avoids a series of complications and high costs brought by complex GVHD prevention and treatment techniques. Because cord blood is rich in CD16 + CD56 + NK cells and CD3 + T cells, cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation also plays an important role in GVL.