The investigator would like to investigate the impact of intermittent theta burst stimulation over bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus in autism spectrum disorder
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
60
stimulatory protocol
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Taoyuan, Taiwan
Changes of total scores of Social Responsiveness Scale
Social Responsiveness Scale can measure the autism clinical severity with the range from 65-260. The lower scores stand for better social responsiveness.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes of total scores of Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised is a questionnaire that focuses on repetitive behavior. The score ranges from 0-129. The lower scores stand for lower repetitive behavior.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes of total scores of Aberrant Behavior Checklist
ABC is a parents' report questionnaire for aberrant behavior. The lower scores stand for less aberrant behavior.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes of total scores of Emotional Dysregulation Inventory
Emotional Dysregulation Inventory is a parents' report questionnaire for emotional dysregulation. The score ranges from 0-120. The lower scores stand for better emotional regulation.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes of total scores of Child Behavior Checklist
CBCL is a parents' report questionnaire for behavioral and emotional problems. The lower scores stand for better behavioral and emotional regulation.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
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Changes of total scores of Adaptive Behavior Assessment System
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System is a parents' report questionnaire for adaptive behavior. The score ranges from 9-171. The higher scores stand for better adaptive behavior.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes in accuracy of Frith-Happe animation
A quick and objective test of Theory of Mind. 8 questions in total, the more correct questions stand for better Social Cognition.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes in accuracy of Eyes task
An advanced test for Theory of Mind. 43 questions in total, the more correct questions stand for better social skills.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes in accuracy of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
An advanced test for cognitive flexibility. 128 questions in total, the more correct questions stand for better cognitive flexibility.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Changes of total scores of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function
An advanced test for cognitive flexibility. 128 questions in total, the more correct questions stand for better cognitive flexibility.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
Raven's Progressive Matrices
An advanced test for for executive function. 60 questions in total, the more correct questions stand for better executive function.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline); One month follow up (8 weeks after baseline); Two months follow up (12 weeks after baseline)
MRI T1
Brain structural volumes (cm²)
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline)
functional MRI (resting-state/biological motion task) - BOLD signal
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal is a measurement used in fMRI, which reflects the neural activity.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline)
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) - FA
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a measurement used in DTI, which reflects the movement of water molecules. FA ranges from 0 to 1, the higher FA value may represent more intact axons.
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline)
Electroencephalography
Resting state EEG (alpha power / frontal gamma power)
Time frame: baseline; post TBS (4 weeks after baseline)