The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, depression, anxiety, stress, maternal self-efficacy, and mode of delivery in primiparous pregnant women
There is still a lack of evidence regarding the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, maternal self-efficacy, anxiety, stress, depression, and mode of delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, anxiety, stress, depression, maternal self-efficacy, and mode of delivery
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
100
education
Saglık Bilimleri Universitesi
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Kartal Dr.Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The scale developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and its Turkish adaptation was carried out by Eskin, Harlak, Demirkıran and Dereboy (2013), which aims to measure how stressful some situations in a person's life are perceived, consists of 14 items. The "Perceived Stress Scale" consists of the dimensions of "Perception of Inadequate Self-Efficacy" and "Perception of Stress/Discomfort". Participants evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from "Never (0)" to "Very often (4)". The internal consistency coefficient of the Turkish scale was 0.84 and the test-retest reliability was 0.87.
Time frame: at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The scale developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and its Turkish adaptation was carried out by Eskin, Harlak, Demirkıran and Dereboy (2013), which aims to measure how stressful some situations in a person's life are perceived, consists of 14 items. The "Perceived Stress Scale" consists of the dimensions of "Perception of Inadequate Self-Efficacy" and "Perception of Stress/Discomfort". Participants evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from "Never (0)" to "Very often (4)". The internal consistency coefficient of the Turkish scale was 0.84 and the test-retest reliability was 0.87.
Time frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum
Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ- A)
The scale was developed by Klaas and Barbro Wijma to measure the fear of childbirth and its Turkish adaptation and validity and reliability were conducted by Körükçü, Kukulu, and Fırat (2012, 2018). The scale consists of 33 items and the answers are enumerated between 0 and 5 as a 6-item liker scale, in which 0 means "completely" and 5 means "none". The range of the total score of the scale is between 0 and 165. The higher the scores, the higher the fear of birth experienced by women
Time frame: at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
The scale developed by Zimet et al. in 1988 and Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies were carried out by Eker, Arkar, and Yaldız (2001). The MSPSS is a 12-item scale, and includes 3 groups about the source of support, each of which consisting of 4 items, which are family, friend, and a special person. In the Cronbach's Alpha Method that was used to measure the internal consistency, values were found to be between 0.80 and 0.95
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
The scale developed by Zimet et al. in 1988 and Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies were carried out by Eker, Arkar, and Yaldız (2001). The MSPSS is a 12-item scale, and includes 3 groups about the source of support, each of which consisting of 4 items, which are family, friend, and a special person. In the Cronbach's Alpha Method that was used to measure the internal consistency, values were found to be between 0.80 and 0.95
Time frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS)
The Turkish adaptation of the scale, developed in 2007 by Tennant et al., was done by Keldal in 2015. It is a five-point Likert-type scale, including 14 items. The lowest and the highest scores are 14 and 70 points. High scores indicate high mental wellbeing. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was determined as 0.89
Time frame: at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS)
The Turkish adaptation of the scale, developed in 2007 by Tennant et al., was done by Keldal in 2015. It is a five-point Likert-type scale, including 14 items. The lowest and the highest scores are 14 and 70 points. High scores indicate high mental wellbeing. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was determined as 0.89
Time frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum
The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire B version (W-DEQ-B)
W-DEQ- B was developed by Wijma et al. to determine postpartum feelings and thoughts about the fear of women who gave vaginal birth (1998). The scale consists of a total of 33 6-point Likert-type questions. Each item is defined as 1 with a score between 1-6 and 6 as none. The minimum score on the scale is 33, while the maximum score is 198. The higher the scores, the higher the fear of birth experienced by women
Time frame: 6-8 weeks postpartum